Under Review

What Jill Biden Doesn’t Say in Her White House Memoir

吉尔·拜登在白宫回忆录中未言之事
The former First Lady keeps putting up hurdles for even the most sympathetic of readers.
这位前第一夫人不断设下障碍,连最富同情心的读者都难以跨越。
Jill Biden and Joe Biden.
Photograph by Drew Angerer / Getty

“To me, a house is not a home without a pet,” Jill Biden writes in “View from the East Wing,” her new memoir about her tenure as First Lady. “I think there are pet people and non-pet people; you either love animals or you don’t.” Arguable, perhaps, but those familiar with the Bidens’ ups and downs may have had a guess about where she was heading with that, narratively speaking. The Bidens brought three German shepherds to the White House: Champ, an elderly dog who died just months after moving in, and his young successors, Major and Commander, who were, to put it succinctly, biters. Secret Service records released as the result of a Freedom of Information request reveal at least twenty-four occasions on which Commander, alone, bit agents—a tally that doesn’t include attacks on other staff members. One agent ended up in the hospital. Eventually, Major was sent to live with a friend and Commander with relatives. They have also been banished from “View from the East Wing”; the only mention of any Biden dogs is an oblique reference to Joe “tripping over” an unnamed one at the beach house the family owns in Delaware, in pre-Presidential days. Instead, Jill’s raising of the pet-people flag is followed by an ode to Willow, a cat, who brought “joy to children” who visited the White House grounds.

“在我看来,没有宠物的房子算不上家,”吉尔·拜登在《东厢视角》中写道,这是她关于第一夫人任期的新回忆录。“我觉得人分两种,爱宠物的和不爱宠物的;你要么喜欢动物,要么不喜欢。”这话或许有待商榷,但熟悉拜登一家起起落落的人,大概能猜到她在叙事上要往哪里走。拜登家带了三只德国牧羊犬进白宫:年迈的“冠军”搬进去没几个月就死了,它年轻的继任者“少校”和“指挥官”——简而言之——爱咬人。根据《信息自由法》申请而公开的特勤局记录显示,光是“指挥官”一只狗,就至少咬了特工二十四次——这还没算上攻击其他工作人员的次数。一名特工最后进了医院。最终,“少校”被送去和朋友住,“指挥官”则去了亲戚家。它们也被逐出了《东厢视角》;书中唯一提到拜登家狗的地方,是间接提及乔在特拉华州自家海滩别墅被一只未具名的狗“绊倒”,那还是他当总统之前的事。取而代之的是,吉尔举起爱宠人士的旗帜后,紧接着写了一首献给猫咪“柳树”的颂歌,说它给造访白宫草坪的孩子们带来了“欢乐”。

The rhapsodies about Willow, paired with the silence surrounding the difficult dogs, contribute to a sense of make-believe and avoidance that pervade Biden’s memoir. As she surely knew, her book is appearing at a time when there are doubts about her openness with regard to Joe Biden’s fitness to serve as President. In an interview in the days before it was published, she made headlines by saying that, while watching her husband’s disastrous performance during his debate with Donald Trump in June, 2024, she’d wondered if he might be having a stroke. That revelation raised other questions: Why didn’t she intervene? Did she seek a medical follow-up? And why insist, afterward, that all was well? But in the book, it turns out, she dismissed her stroke fear once she had spoken to her husband and decided that he was fine. (They went on to other events that evening, at which, publicly, he seemed steadier.) She says that she had also wondered if he’d “been drugged” or had a bad reaction to cough medicine—and still isn’t sure. But her more enduring worry was: “Oh God—will people watching assume that this is how he is all the time?”

对“柳树”的狂热赞美,加上对麻烦狗狗的沉默,共同营造出一种弥漫在拜登回忆录中的虚构与回避感。她肯定知道,她的书出版之际,外界正质疑她在乔·拜登是否适合担任总统这件事上的坦诚程度。在书出版前几天的一次采访中,她上了头条,说在观看丈夫2024年6月与唐纳德·特朗普那场灾难性的辩论时,她曾怀疑他是不是中风了。这一坦白引发了其他问题:她当时为什么不干预?她有没有寻求后续医疗检查?事后又为何坚称一切安好?但在书里,原来她跟丈夫谈过,断定他没事之后,就打消了中风的担忧。(当晚他们继续参加其他活动,公开场合下,他看起来确实更稳当了些。)她说她也曾怀疑他是不是“被下了药”,或者对咳嗽药起了不良反应——至今仍不确定。但她更持久的担忧是:“天哪——看辩论的人会不会以为他一直都是这个样子?”

She insists that he was not: that behind the scenes, her husband’s capacities weren’t meaningfully diminished; that he was older, yes, but fine; that the debate was a one-off aberration, and that the notion of a health coverup is simply “absurd.” But a surprising aspect of the book is how little time she spends backing up that claim, which, in the wake of other reporting on the Administration, both before and after the election, is increasingly dubious. She more or less shrugs and declares the debate business a mystery; again and again she retreats to her main theme, which is that her life in the White House was “magical,” like being in a beautiful “snow globe.” Perhaps the unruly dogs would have complicated a memoir that is filled with scenes of amiable house staff bustling around, bearing cheeseburgers or glasses of Cabernet, always ready to “create the ambiance that you wanted.” The President, she writes, “was always within reach of a Coke Zero or an ice cream bar.”

她坚称并非如此:在幕后,她丈夫的能力并没有实质性衰退;他确实老了,没错,但身体没问题;那场辩论只是一次性的失常,而所谓隐瞒健康状况的说法纯属“荒谬”。但这本书令人惊讶的一点是,她几乎没花什么篇幅来支撑这一说法,而随着大选前后关于本届政府的其他报道不断涌现,这一说法越来越站不住脚。她几乎只是耸耸肩,宣称辩论事件是个谜;她一次又一次地退回自己的主题,那就是她在白宫的生活是“魔法般的”,就像待在一个美丽的“雪花玻璃球”里。也许,那几条不守规矩的狗会让一本充满这种场景的回忆录变得复杂:和蔼可亲的管家们忙前忙后,端来芝士汉堡或一杯杯赤霞珠红酒,随时准备“营造你想要的氛围”。她写道,总统“手边永远有一瓶零度可乐或一根冰淇淋”。

The best rationale for First Lady memoirs is that the domestic details they offer can serve as a lever, lifting the reader from the mundane to reach some larger ideal that is, if not political, at least profound. Michelle Obama’s “Becoming” was, in many ways, a disquisition on how she went from disliking politics—“In my heart, I just believed there were better ways for a good person to have an impact”—to finding real meaning in her role. There’s no requirement for such a book to really grapple with, say, immigration or inflation, and Biden’s does not; most Cabinet members appear only in passing, if at all. The challenge for her as a memoirist is that one of the most controversial aspects of her husband’s Administration—his health and his capacities—is an intimate and personal one in which voters nevertheless had a legitimate interest, and on which she had a unique vantage point. The public was expected to trust her when she said that, seen up close, he was well, and so it doesn’t help that “View from the East Wing” is full of blind spots. She doesn’t persuade; she just insists and elides.

第一夫人回忆录最好的存在理由,是其中提供的家庭细节可以充当一根杠杆,将读者从平凡日常提升到某种更宏大的理想,这种理想即便无关政治,至少也是深刻的。米歇尔·奥巴马的《成为》在很多方面都是一篇论述,讲述她如何从厌恶政治——“在我心里,我只是相信一个好人还有更好的方式来产生影响”——到在自己的角色中找到真正的意义。这类书并不要求真正去探讨移民或通胀等问题,拜登的书也没有;大多数内阁成员只是顺带提及,甚至根本没出现。她作为回忆录作者面临的挑战在于,她丈夫政府最具争议的方面之一——他的健康与能力——恰恰是一件私密的个人事务,但选民对此又有正当的知情权,而她对此拥有独一无二的观察视角。公众本应相信她所说的,近距离观察下,他状态良好,因此,《东厢视角》充满了盲点,这毫无助益。她没有说服读者;她只是一味坚称和回避。

When she mentions the special counsel Robert Hur’s investigation of Joe Biden’s retention of classified materials from his years as Vice-President, for example, she presents his report as a simple vindication. There is no mention of Hur’s assessment that prosecutors might just have had trouble persuading a jury to convict “a sympathetic, well-meaning, elderly man with a poor memory,” or the uproar that Hur’s assessment provoked. Much later in the book, she concedes that there had been occasional “uncomfortable moments,” such as when her husband referred to Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, the President of Egypt, as the President of Mexico, during a press conference held shortly after Hur’s report came out. She doesn’t comment on her husband’s furious tone: he attacked Hur’s character and, as a transcript later demonstrated, misrepresented their exchanges. She couldn’t have forgotten those facts, either, but she puts them aside, at the expense of her own credibility.

例如,当她提到特别检察官罗伯特·赫尔对乔·拜登担任副总统期间留存机密文件的调查时,她将赫尔的报告描述为一次简单的清白证明。书中只字未提赫尔的评估,即检察官可能很难说服陪审团给“一位富有同情心、善意、记忆力差的老人”定罪,也未提赫尔的评估引发的轩然大波。在书的后半部分,她承认偶尔会有“令人不安的时刻”,比如在赫尔报告公布后不久的一场新闻发布会上,她丈夫将埃及总统阿卜杜勒·法塔赫·塞西称为墨西哥总统。她没有评论丈夫当时的愤怒语气:他攻击了赫尔的品格,并且如后来的笔录所示,歪曲了他们之间的交流。她也不可能忘记这些事实,但她将其搁置一旁,牺牲了自己的可信度。

And Biden keeps putting up hurdles for even the most sympathetic of readers. Four months after her husband left the White House, his office announced that he had been diagnosed with an aggressive form of prostate cancer, which had spread to his bones, a tragic circumstance that would have derailed a second term even if he had stayed in the race and won. The book, in fact, opens with an account that raises as many questions as it answers about how the cancer’s progression had been missed by the team of White House doctors assigned to monitor and care for her husband. The standard recommendations are against routine P.S.A. screening for a man his age. But Biden says that she got in touch with one of his doctors to alert the medical team to a potential warning sign: that the President had got up to use the bathroom seven times in one night. “Truly, I did not know what to say to people who were baffled” by the handling of his case, she writes. She ascribes her own lack of follow-up to having an “old-fashioned” marriage.

而且,拜登不断设下障碍,连最富同情心的读者都难以跨越。她丈夫离开白宫四个月后,他的办公室宣布他被诊断出患有一种侵袭性前列腺癌,并已扩散到骨骼,这一悲剧性的情况意味着,即使他当初继续参选并获胜,也会让第二个任期脱轨。事实上,这本书的开篇叙述,在关于白宫医疗团队为何未能监测到癌症进展并给予照护的问题上,引发的疑问和它解答的一样多。对于他这个年龄的男性,标准建议是反对进行常规的前列腺特异性抗原筛查。但拜登说,她联系了他的一位医生,提醒医疗团队注意一个潜在的警示信号:总统曾一晚上起来上了七次厕所。“说真的,对于那些对他病情处理感到困惑的人,我不知道该说什么,”她写道。她将自己未能跟进的原因归结为拥有一段“老派”的婚姻。

The Biden family’s internal dynamics also come across, in the memoir, as a puzzle from which several pieces are missing. Their painful losses are well known: Biden’s first wife and a baby daughter were killed in a car accident; his two young sons, Beau and Hunter, were injured but survived the crash. (He married Jill a few years later, and their daughter, Ashley, was born in 1981.) Beau died of brain cancer in 2015, leaving the family, Jill writes, “out of control, spinning with grief.” Jake Tapper and Alex Thompson, in “Original Sin,” argue that the family’s concealment of the nature and the gravity of Beau’s illness prefigured its handling of Joe’s condition. During the period when Beau was being treated, he served as Delaware’s attorney general and then announced that he would run for governor. Jill acknowledges the secrecy, but says that it was for the sake of her stepson’s wife and children. She doesn’t bring up his gubernatorial aspirations. In an interview about her memoir, Biden says that she found it hard, when recording the audiobook, to even say out loud that her other stepson, Hunter, who has struggled with crack and alcohol, was an addict. In her view, his trial, on gun charges, was deeply unfair, but her account of his various legal issues is highly selective. (A fuller recent account can be found in “Devils’ Advocates,” by Kenneth P. Vogel, of the Times.) The President had pledged not to pardon Hunter, but he was obliged to break that pledge, she told NBC, because Trump would have targeted him (although it was during the Biden Administration that Hunter had been indicted). “I did support it of course—I’m his mother,” she said. The pardon covered any and all federal offenses, dating back to 2014; the President preëmptively pardoned several other family members as well.

拜登家庭的内部关系,在这本回忆录中也呈现得像一个缺失了好几块的拼图。他们痛苦的失去广为人知:拜登的第一任妻子和一个年幼的女儿在一场车祸中丧生;他两个年幼的儿子博和亨特受伤但幸存下来。(几年后他娶了吉尔,他们的女儿阿什莉于1981年出生。)博于2015年死于脑癌,吉尔写道,这让整个家庭“失控,被悲伤裹挟着旋转”。杰克·塔珀和亚历克斯·汤普森在《原罪》一书中认为,拜登家对博病情的性质和严重程度的隐瞒,预示了后来他们对乔状况的处理方式。在博接受治疗期间,他担任特拉华州总检察长,随后宣布将竞选州长。吉尔承认了这种保密,但说是为了继子的妻子和孩子着想。她没有提及博的州长抱负。在一次关于回忆录的采访中,拜登说,在录制有声书时,她甚至很难开口说出另一个继子亨特——那个与可卡因和酒精作斗争的人——是个瘾君子。在她看来,亨特因枪支指控受审是极不公平的,但她对他各种法律问题的叙述是高度选择性的。(更全面的近期叙述可见《纽约时报》肯尼斯·P·沃格尔的《魔鬼代言人》。)总统曾承诺不赦免亨特,但她告诉NBC,他被迫违背了这一承诺,因为特朗普会针对他(尽管亨特是在拜登政府任内被起诉的)。“我当然支持——我是他母亲,”她说。这项赦免涵盖了他自2014年以来所有联邦罪行;总统还先发制人地赦免了其他几位家庭成员。

The extended family is not marginal in the book, nor, it seems, in the Biden White House. As is often the case with Presidential households, its many members are omnipresent: at the residence and at Camp David, accompanying Jill on official trips, celebrating milestones in the Rose Garden or on the South Lawn. For those not steeped in Biden lore, it gets hard to keep track of the grandchildren: Naomi, Natalie, Finnegan, Maisy, Little Hunter, and Little Beau. Hunter has four daughters and a son (Navy, the youngest girl, does not appear in the book), and it is the second-eldest, Finnegan, who gets to accompany her grandmother to the coronation of King Charles. “As a history major at U. Penn, she was poised to appreciate it all,” Biden writes. They are sitting in Westminster Abbey when Finnegan taps her grandmother on her arm. “ ‘How can they call Pop old?’ Finny said with regards to Joe. ‘Look at most of the leaders.’ She gestured toward the leaders of Ireland, Italy, Finland, Sweden.” The men in question were heads of state, with largely ceremonial roles, but each of those countries had a head of government who was much younger. Ireland’s then forty-five-year-old leader, Leo Varadkar, had visited the White House less than two months earlier. If Biden explained this to her granddaughter, she doesn’t say so. Instead, she writes, “I gave her a little hug and straightened her fascinator.”

这个大家庭在书中并非边缘角色,在拜登的白宫里似乎也是如此。正如许多总统家庭一样,其众多成员无处不在:在官邸和戴维营,陪同吉尔进行官方访问,在白宫玫瑰园或南草坪庆祝重要时刻。对于那些不熟悉拜登家谱的人来说,要分清孙辈们会越来越难:娜奥米、娜塔莉、芬尼根、梅西、小亨特和小博。亨特有四个女儿和一个儿子(最小的女孩纳维没有出现在书中),而陪同祖母参加查尔斯国王加冕礼的,是排行第二的芬尼根。“作为宾夕法尼亚大学的历史专业学生,她定能好好领略这一切,”拜登写道。她们坐在威斯敏斯特教堂里,芬尼根拍了拍祖母的手臂。“‘他们怎么能说爷爷老呢?’芬尼谈到乔时说。‘看看大多数领导人。’她朝爱尔兰、意大利、芬兰、瑞典的领导人示意。”她提到的这些男性都是国家元首,角色主要是礼仪性的,但这些国家都有一位年轻得多的政府首脑。爱尔兰当时四十五岁的领导人利奥·瓦拉德卡不到两个月前刚访问过白宫。如果拜登向孙女解释了这一点,她并没有在书中提及。相反,她写道:“我轻轻拥抱了她一下,整了整她的头饰。”

Perhaps because so many important things are missing from the book, there is a lot of filler, even though the book isn’t long (two hundred and sixty-six pages, generously spaced). We are provided with a long list of the amenities at Camp David and the texts of various press releases. The menus for state dinners are recounted in detail. In the floral realm, “I prefer low vases with fun mixes of flowers to tight bouquets,” she writes. Good to know.

也许是因为书中缺失了太多重要的东西,所以填充内容很多,尽管这本书并不长(二百六十六页,排版宽松)。我们读到了戴维营设施的长长清单,以及各种新闻稿的文本。国宴的菜单被详细复述。在花卉领域,“比起紧实的花束,我更喜欢用矮花瓶插上各种有趣混搭的花,”她写道。知道了挺好。

There is a lot of Joe in the book, and yet not much of him doing the work of governing—deliberating, balancing the concerns of foreign and domestic allies, making the big calls. The question of who did, and who decided, what in the Biden Administration is not a conundrum that the former First Lady seems ready to help resolve. Joe Biden’s most vivid presence as President comes toward the end of the book, when he refuses, for weeks after the debate, to withdraw from the race, pushing back against erstwhile supporters; they include Nancy Pelosi, who tells him that he’d be “heartbroken” if he heard what people in the Party were saying about him. Jill subscribes to the view that the reason he had to drop out was that Democrats succumbed to “fear.” He tells her, “Jilly, I had no choice.” After barely mentioning Kamala Harris’s performance in her four years as Vice-President, Biden is fairly clear about her annoyance when she hears Harris, on speakerphone, nudging Joe to endorse her at the same time that he tells the world he is leaving the race. (“I walked out of the room.”) He waited almost half an hour after the announcement to do so.

书中有很多乔的身影,但关于他治理国家的工作——深思熟虑、权衡国内外盟友的关切、做出重大决策——却着墨不多。在拜登政府中,谁做了什么,谁决定了什么,这个问题似乎不是这位前第一夫人准备帮忙解开的谜题。乔·拜登作为总统最生动的存在出现在书的后半部分,当时他在辩论后数周内拒绝退出竞选,顶住了昔日支持者的压力;其中包括南希·佩洛西,她告诉他,如果他听到党内人士对他的议论,他会“心碎”的。吉尔认同这样一种观点,即他不得不退出的原因是民主党人屈服于“恐惧”。他告诉她:“吉尔,我别无选择。”在几乎只字未提卡玛拉·哈里斯四年副总统任内表现之后,拜登相当清楚地表达了自己的恼怒,当时她听到哈里斯在免提电话中催促乔,在告诉全世界他退出竞选的同时就支持她。(“我走出了房间。”)他在宣布退选后等了将近半小时才表示支持。

One of Jill Biden’s wearying authorial choices is to never use Trump’s name unless she absolutely must—for example, in a quote. Instead, he’s “the prior president”—until, later in the book, he becomes “the president-elect.” (Melania Trump, whom Biden calls “polite and controlled,” is referred to only by her first name.) Many civilians do the same, feeling that they hear “Trump” quite enough as it is. But the First Lady’s memoir is the wrong place for such self-soothing rhetoric. Not naming Trump comes to feel like another way of not recognizing the stakes in Biden’s stubborn, prolonged reëlection campaign, or reckoning with its cost. The East Wing of the book’s title has literally been demolished. There is no snow globe on Pennsylvania Avenue now, and maybe there never was. ♦

吉尔·拜登令人疲惫的写作选择之一是,除非绝对必要——比如在引语中——否则绝不用特朗普的名字。取而代之的是“前任总统”——直到书的后半部分,他变成了“当选总统”。(梅拉尼娅·特朗普被拜登称为“礼貌而克制”,书中只提了她的名字。)许多普通人也这样做,觉得平时听到“特朗普”已经够多了。但第一夫人的回忆录不是用这种自我安慰修辞的地方。不提特朗普的名字,渐渐感觉像是另一种方式,不去正视拜登那场固执、旷日持久的连任竞选所涉及的利害关系,也不去反思其代价。书名中的东厢已被实际拆除。如今宾夕法尼亚大道上没有什么雪花玻璃球,也许从来就没有过。♦

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