On Television

The Sunlit Joylessness of Netflix’s “Little House on the Prairie”

Netflix版《草原上的小木屋》:阳光灿烂,却毫无欢愉
The new adaptation, though visually exquisite, swaps the story’s much-loved comfort for dutiful tedium.
这部新改编剧集画面精美绝伦,却把故事中备受喜爱的慰藉感,换成了一种沉闷的义务劳动。
Four figures sit in a horse drawn wagon
Photograph by Eric Zachanowich / Netflix

One of Laura Ingalls Wilder’s great gifts as a writer was her ability to reconnect, at age sixty-three and beyond, with her childhood sense of wonder and discovery. For readers of her autobiographical “Little House” books, it is pleasurable, if head-spinning, to share in the joy she finds in hard work and family camaraderie amid every hardscrabble pioneer situation. She details the “great fun” of watching Pa butcher a hog, render its lard, and make a balloon toy out of its bladder. In the Ingallses’ sturdy household in the woods of Wisconsin, young Laura is content to play house with pumpkins in the attic during a freezing winter, everything “snug and cosy.” Because Ma and Pa Ingalls are endlessly competent, their kids—and readers—know that, through fire, hunger, howling wolf packs, plagues of grasshoppers, fever ’n’ ague, and worse, know-how will prevail. The 1974 TV adaptation of the series, with Michael Landon as Pa and Melissa Gilbert as Laura, re-created that mood, making the Ingallses’ circa eighteen-seventies pioneer world feel like a comfy escape. It’s idealized, but only just—upon rewatching the pilot, I was relieved that it didn’t feel like smarmy inspirational fare, or like the Hallmark Channel (except in that it is rerun enthusiastically on the Hallmark Channel).

劳拉·英格尔斯·怀尔德(Laura Ingalls Wilder)身为作家的一大天赋,是她在六十三岁乃至更年长时,仍能重新连接童年时代那种惊奇与发现的感觉。对于她的自传体“小木屋”系列读者来说,分享她在每一种艰苦的拓荒处境中,从辛勤劳作和家庭情谊里找到的快乐,是件令人愉悦——尽管也让人头晕目眩——的事。她细细描绘观看爸爸宰猪、熬猪油、用猪膀胱做气球玩具的“莫大乐趣”。在英格尔斯家位于威斯康星树林中那栋坚固的房子里,小劳拉在严寒的冬天,心满意足地在阁楼上用南瓜玩过家家,一切都“温暖而舒适”。因为英格尔斯妈妈和爸爸无所不能,他们的孩子——以及读者——都知道,无论经历火灾、饥饿、狼群嚎叫、蝗灾、热病寒颤,还是更糟的境遇,本领和智慧终将获胜。1974年那部电视剧改编版,由迈克尔·兰登(Michael Landon)饰演爸爸,梅丽莎·吉尔伯特(Melissa Gilbert)饰演劳拉,重现了那种氛围,让英格尔斯一家约十九世纪七十年代的拓荒世界,感觉像一次舒适的逃离。它被理想化了,但也仅此而已——重看试播集时,我松了口气,因为它并不像那种令人腻味的励志作品,也不像贺曼频道(Hallmark Channel)的风格(除了它确实在贺曼频道被热情地反复重播这一点)。

Rebecca Sonnenshine, the creator-showrunner of Netflix’s new adaptation of “Little House on the Prairie,” which has already been renewed for a second season, isn’t going for cozy. A veteran of unsettling works (“The Housemaid,” “Outcast,” “The Vampire Diaries”) who describes herself as “pretty dark,” she doesn’t quite give “Little House” the “Anne with an ‘E’ ” treatment—in 2017, the director Moira Walley-Beckett brought grim gray hues and post-traumatic stress to Netflix’s Green Gables—but she gets close. Sonnenshine, who grew up on a farm, credits Wilder’s books with inspiring her to be a writer. She wants to do justice to them in a new way, with realism and a more adult, if still kid-friendly, perspective. Watching the results, my inner child and I both had a pretty bad time.

Netflix新版《草原上的小木屋》的创剧人兼剧集主管丽贝卡·索南夏恩(Rebecca Sonnenshine),并不打算营造舒适感。该剧已续订第二季。索南夏恩是一位擅长令人不安作品的老手(作品包括《女仆》、《驱魔浪人》、《吸血鬼日记》),她形容自己“相当黑暗”。她并没有完全用《小小安妮》那种手法来处理《小木屋》——2017年,导演莫伊拉·沃利-贝克特(Moira Walley-Beckett)给Netflix的绿山墙带来了阴沉的灰色调子和创伤后应激障碍——但她已经很接近了。在农场长大的索南夏恩认为,怀尔德的书激励她成为了一名作家。她想以一种新的方式来公正地对待这些作品,采用一种更成人化、但仍适合孩子观看的现实主义视角。看着最终的成品,我内心的那个小孩和我自己,都度过了一段相当糟糕的时光。

Visually, this new “Little House” is beautiful—sunlit vistas, saturated colors, eerily attractive actors. In the very first shot, we hear birds chirping and wind whistling and see a grassy meadow and a wide-brimmed hat. Its wearer, Laura (Alice Halsey), looks up, revealing an angelic face framed by artful tendrils of hair; she’s eight years old but has a glamour that’s unnervingly adult, even if she’s smudged with dirt and aiming a slingshot at a rabbit. “Once upon a time . . .” her whispery voice narrates, trailing off. The rest of the opening sequence isn’t reassuring: Laura and Mary (Skywalker Hughes) have a bratty, tedious exchange (the first of many), and the dreamy voice-over resumes over an expository montage. Mary and dependable, red-haired Ma (Crosby Fitzgerald) seem recognizably real, but Pa (Luke Bracey), tousled and stubbled and wearing a proto-Carhartt jacket, is movie-star handsome and smoothly blasé. He sits by the campfire clutching a broadsheet that says “FREE LAND IN THE WEST: COME FORWARD AND TAKE YOUR HOMESTEADS”; when he plays his fiddle, he looks like an indie rocker making an embarrassing sortie into bluegrass. Unlike Landon’s good looks, which are tempered by his seriousness of purpose, this guy’s suggest that he’s gotten by on charm and might get eaten by a bear. Three minutes in, he nearly drowns his entire family, and it doesn’t come as a total surprise. That sequence, in which Pa attempts to ford a too-deep river in the covered wagon, registers differently in the book and in Landon’s able hands—it’s scary, without undermining your faith in Pa and the whole enterprise. In the Netflix version, the scene approaches terror: horses up to their necks and panicking, little girls flying everywhere, dog floating downstream. When a capable-looking stranger, Dr. Tann (Jocko Sims), rides up to offer help after the Ingallses stagger ashore, you think, Phew—finally, someone who knows what he’s doing.

视觉上,这部新的《小木屋》很美——阳光普照的远景、饱和的色彩、美得不真实的演员。在第一个镜头里,我们听到鸟鸣风啸,看到一片绿草如茵的草地和一顶宽檐帽。帽子的主人,劳拉(爱丽丝·哈尔西 Alice Halsey 饰),抬起头,露出一张天使般的面孔,几缕精心设计的卷发垂在脸旁;她八岁,却有一种令人不安的成人般的魅力,即使她脸上沾着泥土,正用弹弓瞄准一只兔子。“很久很久以前……”她用耳语般的声音叙述着,声音渐弱。开场序列的其余部分并不让人安心:劳拉和玛丽(斯凯沃克·休斯 Skywalker Hughes 饰)进行了一段孩子气的、冗长乏味的对话(这只是众多类似对话中的第一次),而梦幻般的画外音在一段说明性的蒙太奇中再次响起。玛丽和可靠的红发妈妈(克罗斯比·菲茨杰拉德 Crosby Fitzgerald 饰)看起来真实可辨,但爸爸(卢克·布雷西 Luke Bracey 饰),头发蓬乱、胡子拉碴,穿着一件原始卡哈特风格的外套,却有着电影明星般的英俊和圆滑的漠然。他坐在篝火旁,抓着一张写着“西部免费土地:前来领取你的宅地”的大幅报纸;当他拉起小提琴时,看起来就像一个独立摇滚乐手在尴尬地尝试蓝草音乐。兰登的英俊被他的认真目标所调和,而这位老兄的英俊却暗示着他靠魅力过关,可能会被熊吃掉。三分钟时,他差点淹死自己全家,这并不完全令人意外。爸爸试图驾着篷车涉过一条太深的河,这个情节在书中和在兰登能干的双手中,给人的感觉是不同的——它很吓人,但不会动摇你对爸爸和整个事业的信心。在Netflix的版本中,这一幕近乎恐怖:马匹淹到脖子,惊慌失措;小女孩们被甩得到处都是;狗被冲向下游。当英格尔斯一家踉跄上岸后,一个看起来很能干的陌生人,谭恩医生(乔科·西姆斯 Jocko Sims 饰),骑马过来提供帮助,你心想,呼——终于来了个知道自己在干什么的人。

As the episodes go on, the exquisite cinematography, with its beautiful naïfs bathed in golden light, starts to evoke “Midsommar” before all hell breaks loose. Pa continues to be an untroubled bumbler, leaving Ma and the girls alone at a campsite with just a rifle overnight, terrifying them; while trying to enlist a neighbor, Mr. Edwards (Warren Christie), into helping him build a house, Pa obliviously peppers him with insensitive questions, provoking a violent rage. It’s hard to trust Pa, or to know what Sonnenshine is doing with him, and therefore it’s hard to trust the show. Over time, despite many scenes of Pa fiddling, bonding with “Half-Pint” Laura, and engaging in family fun, he and his particular brand of impulsive bootstrapping can start to seem like a dark metaphor for American history. “I can’t help thinking about what you said—that this land isn’t open for settlement,” he tells Mr. Edwards, as they continue to build a house on it. “You said that it belonged to the Osage. You said they’d be back.” But people are coming from everywhere, Edwards says—“These settlers are like a prairie fire. Prairie fire can’t be stopped”—and who really owns land, anyway? Can’t we all just live in peace?

随着剧集推进,那精美的摄影,连同沐浴在金色光芒中的美丽天真面孔,开始让人联想到《仲夏夜惊魂》里一切彻底失控之前的景象。爸爸继续扮演着一个无忧无虑的笨手笨脚的角色,把妈妈和女儿们单独留在营地过夜,只留一杆步枪,把她们吓坏了;在试图拉拢邻居爱德华兹先生(沃伦·克里斯蒂 Warren Christie 饰)帮他盖房子时,爸爸毫无察觉地用一连串不近人情的问题烦扰他,激起了对方狂暴的怒火。很难信任爸爸,或者说,很难明白索南夏恩想用这个角色表达什么,因此也很难信任这部剧。随着时间的推移,尽管有很多场景表现爸爸拉小提琴、与“半品脱”小劳拉增进感情、参与家庭娱乐,但他和他那种特有的冲动型白手起家的做派,可能开始看起来像是美国历史的一个黑暗隐喻。“我忍不住想你之前说的话——这片土地尚未开放定居,”在他们继续在上面盖房子时,他对爱德华兹先生说。“你说它属于奥塞奇人。你说他们会回来的。”但爱德华兹说,人们正从四面八方涌来——“这些定居者就像草原野火。草原野火无法阻挡”——再说,到底谁真正拥有土地呢?难道我们就不能和平共处吗?

Sonnenshine populates the prairie and the nearest town, Independence, with a diverse range of those people from everywhere, some borrowed from Wilder’s books, others extrapolated from historical analogue. There’s a family of Osage homesteaders who live in a nice house, including a playmate for Laura named Good Eagle (Wren Zhawenim Gotts); a French-accented lady saloon owner in trousers (Rebecca Amzallag); the helpful Dr. Tann, who is Black and tends to all locals; a Black dry-goods-store proprietress (Barrett Doss) from the free town of Nicodemus; her shy white ward (Kowen Cadorath), who flirts with Mary; an unctuous railroad executive and his family, who hoard quinine and appear to be the county’s only racists; and so on. Nomadic Osage, here as in the book, make forays into the Ingallses’ lives that can be alarming and hard to interpret, just as the settlers’ forays are to them. The success of these supplemental characters varies—I’d watch a spinoff about Dr. Tann and the dry-goods proprietress—but, like the Ingallses, they look perfect and talk in twenty-first-century platitudes, which makes them hard to love.

索南夏恩让草原和最近的城镇独立镇(Independence)住满了来自四面八方的形形色色的人,有些借自怀尔德的书,另一些则从历史类似情况中推演而来。有一家奥塞奇族的宅地人,住在一栋漂亮的房子里,其中有个叫好鹰(雷恩·扎维尼姆·戈茨 Wren Zhawenim Gotts 饰)的玩伴给劳拉;一位操着法国口音、穿着裤子的女酒馆老板(丽贝卡·阿姆扎拉格 Rebecca Amzallag 饰);乐于助人的谭恩医生,他是黑人,为所有当地人看病;一位来自自由镇尼科迪默斯的黑人干货店女老板(巴雷特·多斯 Barrett Doss 饰);她那个害羞的白人受监护人(科文·卡多拉斯 Kowen Cadorath 饰),和玛丽调情;一个油滑的铁路高管及其家人,他们囤积奎宁,似乎是县里仅有的种族主义者;等等。和书中一样,游牧的奥塞奇人突然闯入英格尔斯一家的生活,这些事件可能令人惊恐且难以解读,正如定居者的闯入对他们来说也是如此。这些补充角色的成功程度不一——我会很想看一部关于谭恩医生和那位干货店女老板的衍生剧——但是,和英格尔斯一家一样,他们看起来完美无瑕,说着二十一世纪的陈词滥调,这让他们很难让人爱上。

There are also new, realism-infused backstories. Mr. Edwards, single in the books, is a widowed alcoholic with the D.T.s; Pa, as if he doesn’t have enough problems, is ominously despised by his family in Wisconsin. Did he somehow cause the death of his Civil War-veteran brother with P.T.S.D.? We explore this unpleasant idea in Episode 4, when everybody gets malaria and hallucinates encounters with conveniently important relatives. Thus: Pa’s angry father and suicidal brother, Ma’s dour high-society sister, the neighbor White Sun’s late daughter. (Cue the jolly folk music!) Midway into the series, I found myself thinking, Why are we here? To watch weary strife and “mild situations,” as the content warnings caution us, dutifully executed? The miracle of Wilder’s books—despite their flaws—is the delight we find on every page, the gentleness and sense of discovery, the way that sturdy family love and competent hard work manage, almost inconceivably, to provide security and happiness enough to outweigh the staggering hardship of pioneer life. When the Landon series aired, in our shaggy seventies realm of bicentennial nostalgia and economic mayhem, escaping to this prairie landscape—hard work, wise lessons, making one’s own fun—felt like a tonic, even an inspiration, in part because of the way Wilder channelled a child’s exuberant world view. Today, in our umpteenth year of a cold civil war, after the digital age has driven us nuts, and when women in bonnets call to mind trad wives and Margaret Atwood’s handmaids, this “Little House” invites a deeper world-weariness. The first season ends with betrayal by the U.S. government for the Osage and for the settlers—Everybody out!—in addition to an actual prairie fire. Next season, just as inevitably, the Ingallses will fiddle their way through it all again, somewhere else. ♦

还有一些新的、注入了现实主义元素的背景故事。书中单身,爱德华兹先生在这里成了一个患有震颤性谵妄的鳏夫酒鬼;爸爸,好像他的麻烦还不够多似的,在威斯康星还被他家人深恶痛绝,这预示着不祥。他是否以某种方式导致了他那患有创伤后应激障碍的、内战老兵兄弟的死亡?我们在第四集探讨了这个令人不快的想法,当时所有人都得了疟疾,并产生了幻觉,见到了碰巧都很重要的亲戚。于是:爸爸愤怒的父亲和自杀的兄弟,妈妈阴郁的上流社会姐姐,邻居白太阳(White Sun)已故的女儿。(这时响起欢快的民谣音乐!)剧集过半时,我发觉自己在想,我们为什么在这里?就是为了观看疲惫的斗争和内容警告所提醒我们的“温和情境”,被尽职尽责地演绎出来吗?怀尔德作品的奇迹——尽管它们有缺点——在于我们在每一页都能找到的愉悦,那种温柔和发现感,以及那种方式:坚固的家庭之爱和能干的辛勤劳作,几乎不可思议地,设法提供了足够的安全感和幸福感,足以抵消拓荒生活中惊人的艰辛。当兰登版剧集播出时,在我们那个怀揣着两百周年怀旧情绪和经济混乱的、乱糟糟的七十年代,逃进这片草原风光——辛勤劳作、明智的教训、自得其乐——感觉像一剂补药,甚至是一种激励,部分原因就在于怀尔德传达了一个孩子充满活力的世界观的方式。今天,在我们身处一场冷内战多年之后,在数字时代把我们逼疯之后,在戴软帽的女人让人联想到传统妻子和玛格丽特·阿特伍德笔下的使女之时,这部《小木屋》招来的是一种更深层的厌世情绪。第一季以美国政府对奥塞奇人和定居者的背叛告终——所有人都出去!——外加一场真正的草原大火。下一季,同样不可避免的是,英格尔斯一家将在别处,再次一路拉着小提琴,熬过这一切。 ♦

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