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The Difference Between the Knicks and the White House Cage Fight

尼克斯队与白宫笼斗之别
Sports, spectacle, and what Juvenal would have made of this moment.
体育、奇观,以及尤维纳利斯会如何看待此刻。
Soccer balls basketballs and hockey pucks raining down on New York
Photo illustration by Cristiana Couceiro; Source photographs from Getty

There are moments when a phrase, or a current of thought, that had seemed condemned to archival history is suddenly all anyone talks about. So it is right now with the chewy subject of breads, circuses, and cities. New York is alight with the joy of the Knickerbockers’ doggedly pursued N.B.A. championship title with, in this summer of celebrating our gloriously hybrid Americanness, the pleasing anomaly that a team of mostly Black and brown Americans bears the name of the town’s oldest, once most élite, and now obscure Dutch element. But the subject of bread and circuses arises out of the ancient observation—from the grouchy poet and satirist Juvenal, who witnessed it in first-century Rome—that, if people are supplied with food and entertainment by their oligarchs, they won’t care or even notice if the government they live under is changing from some sort of a democracy to a dictatorship right before their eyes.

有些时候,某个短语或某种思潮,明明看似已被封存在故纸堆里,却突然之间人人都在谈论。眼下,“面包、马戏与城市”这个耐人寻味的话题便是如此。纽约正沉浸在尼克斯队顽强夺得NBA总冠军的喜悦之中——在这个庆祝我们光荣而混杂的美国性的夏天,一支主要由黑人和棕色人种球员组成的球队,却冠以这座城市最古老、曾经最精英、如今已鲜为人知的荷兰元素之名,这本身就是一种令人愉悦的反常。但“面包与马戏”这个话题,源自一个古老的观察——出自一世纪罗马那位脾气暴躁的诗人兼讽刺作家尤维纳利斯(Juvenal),他亲眼目睹了这样的景象:只要寡头们向民众提供食物和娱乐,民众就不会在意、甚至不会察觉,他们所生活的政府正在他们眼前从某种民主制蜕变为独裁制。

The Knicks won a week ago Saturday, and New York affirmed that victory on Thursday, with a parade and a ceremony at which Mayor Zohran Mamdani presented the team with newly redesigned keys to the city, though what, exactly, the keys unlock these days is unclear. In between those civic thrills, an openly gladiatorial spectacle was staged on the White House South Lawn: a U.F.C. cage-fighting event overseen by Dana White, the combat-sports impresario and longtime friend of President Donald Trump. Meanwhile, athletes and supporters from many nations passed through our now suspicious borders to fight for the World Cup of what the rest of the world calls football. Inevitably, the question arises of whether we are each, in our way, being distracted from our own crisis by our own oligarchs, and by the circuses that they encourage. Indeed, some of our oligarchs actually own the circuses. It was James Dolan who invited his pal Trump to visit the Garden for the Knicks’ Game Three, and it is Dolan, not New York, who owns the team, just as it was FIFA’s president, Gianni Infantino, who showered praise and a faked-up peace prize on Trump ahead of the World Cup.

尼克斯队在一周前的周六夺冠,纽约在周四用一场游行和一场仪式确认了这场胜利。仪式上,市长佐赫兰·马姆达尼(Zohran Mamdani)向球队颁发了重新设计的城市钥匙,尽管这些钥匙如今究竟能打开什么,已不甚明了。在这两场城市狂欢之间,白宫南草坪上演了一场公开的角斗士式奇观:一场由综合格斗推广人、唐纳德·特朗普总统的长期好友达纳·怀特(Dana White)主持的UFC笼斗赛事。与此同时,来自许多国家的运动员和支持者穿越我们现在充满猜疑的边境,前来争夺那个世界其他地方称之为“足球”的世界杯。不可避免的问题是:我们每个人是否都在以各自的方式,被各自的寡头以及他们鼓动的马戏分散了对自己所处危机的注意力?事实上,我们的一些寡头本身就拥有这些马戏。正是詹姆斯·多兰(James Dolan)邀请他的朋友特朗普来麦迪逊广场花园观看尼克斯队的第三场比赛,而拥有这支球队的是多兰,不是纽约;同样,在国际足联主席詹尼·因凡蒂诺(Gianni Infantino)在世界杯前对特朗普大加赞扬并授予他一枚伪造的和平奖章。

Violence, of course, hovers at the edges of even our favorite games, and we are not always aware of the risks that our heroes take on behalf of our entertainment. It has been pointed out that the N.B.A. final series was rougher—what is euphemistically called “more physical”—than the game used to be. A few years ago, there was a flurry of concern about the rise of concussions in the N.F.L., but that has largely subsided, as the league continues to bring in record-breaking revenues—more than twenty-five billion dollars are projected for next year. This month, as the Carolina Hurricanes won the Stanley Cup Finals, we saw sadly that the N.H.L. has become more physical, too—with a cruder version of the game, which some Canadians think was intended to be more easily accepted by the never-seen-a-winter Sunbelt cities that the league wants to thrive in. More sadly, the former player Claude Lemieux, a paladin of both the Montreal Canadiens and the New Jersey Devils, died by suicide just weeks ago, shortly after receiving the highest honor in Montreal hockey: carrying the team torch onto the ice before the opening face-off. His family, significantly, has donated his brain to Boston University for study.

暴力,当然,始终徘徊在我们最心爱的比赛边缘,而我们并不总能意识到,我们的英雄为了我们的娱乐承担了怎样的风险。有人指出,NBA总决赛系列赛比过去更加粗野——委婉的说法是“对抗更激烈”。几年前,曾有一阵对NFL脑震荡增多的担忧,但随着联盟继续创下破纪录的收入——明年预计将超过250亿美元——这种担忧已基本平息。本月,当卡罗莱纳飓风队赢得斯坦利杯总决赛时,我们悲哀地看到,NHL也变得对抗更激烈了——比赛版本更为粗暴,一些加拿大人认为,这是为了让那些从未见过冬天的阳光带城市更容易接受这项运动,而联盟希望在这些城市蓬勃发展。更令人悲伤的是,前蒙特利尔加拿大人队和新泽西魔鬼队的悍将克劳德·勒米厄(Claude Lemieux)几周前自杀身亡,就在他获得蒙特利尔冰球界最高荣誉之后不久:在开场争球前,手持球队火炬踏上冰面。值得注意的是,他的家人已将他的大脑捐给波士顿大学用于研究。

Some historian will doubtless make a case that Trump’s cage fight was a Jacksonian gesture, pleasing to the people, and that only the snobbery of an élite would disdain it. But one had merely to watch the fight, and to see the fighters paraded out of the White House to the arena, to know that on the South Lawn we have moved beyond populism and entered Caligula country, where the emperor delights in vulgar cruelty for its own sake. There is a real distinction between a city unified by five fine starting players in a game that originally involved throwing a ball into a peach basket and that, however improbably, became the city game, and the bloody display in the nation’s capital. One is about civic commonality, the other about authoritarian cynicism; one is about a city pulling together around a common pleasure, the other about desecrating the decorum of democracy.

无疑会有历史学家论证,特朗普的笼斗是一种杰克逊式的姿态,取悦民众,只有精英的势利眼才会鄙视它。但只需观看那场比赛,看着拳手们从白宫被引领到竞技场,就会明白,在南草坪上,我们已经超越了民粹主义,进入了卡利古拉的领地,那里的皇帝以粗俗的残忍为乐,只为残忍本身。一座城市因五名出色的首发球员而团结,这项运动最初不过是将球投进桃子筐,却不可思议地成了这座城市的运动——这与国家首都那场血腥的表演之间,有着真正的区别。一个关乎公民的共同性,另一个关乎威权主义的犬儒主义;一个关乎一座城市因共同的快乐而凝聚,另一个关乎亵渎民主的体面。

Given how easily sports can be turned sour, why do they continue to move us and unify us? One looks to the story of the Haitian World Cup team, appearing in the tournament for the first time in fifty years, which has gathered expatriate players from the Haitian diaspora to play for that beautiful and utterly despoiled country, where many of them have never lived. Coming from elsewhere, they managed to make a Haitian essence in the absence of a functional Haiti to play for. “For a few hours, geography will matter less than identity,” one writer noted. Surely it is, rather, that for a few hours the players will reveal that identity depends less on geography than on self-perception, less on where you were born or even raised and more on how you choose to feel.

既然体育如此容易被败坏,为何它仍能打动我们、凝聚我们?不妨看看海地世界杯球队的故事。这支球队五十年来首次出现在世界杯赛场上,它从海地侨民中召集了海外球员,为那个美丽而彻底被蹂躏的国家而战,他们中的许多人从未在那里生活过。他们来自别处,却在一个无法为之效力的、功能失调的海地之外,设法凝聚出一种海地的本质。“在几个小时里,地理将不如身份认同重要,”一位作家写道。当然,更确切地说,是在那几个小时里,球员们将揭示出,身份认同对地理的依赖,不如对自我认知的依赖;对你出生甚至成长之地的依赖,不如对你选择如何去感受的依赖。

Identity politics, so-called, are often condemned for making what you are more important than what you do, but the other side of them is that they make what you want to be as important as what you’re supposed to be, allowing people to choose the identity they desire even in the face of the identity they were told they ought to have. In the country’s two-hundred-and-fiftieth year, OG Anunoby, a British-born Knicks forward, tips in a shot, with 1.2 seconds remaining, to win Game Four. Jalen Brunson, of New Brunswick, New Jersey, is now as much a necessary New Yorker as Joe DiMaggio, who was of North Beach, in San Francisco, before and after his Bronx sojourn. For that matter, a very, very tall Frenchman is now an essential Texan.

所谓的身份政治,常常被指责为让“你是谁”变得比“你做什么”更重要,但它的另一面是,它让“你想成为谁”变得和“你应该成为谁”一样重要,让人们能够选择自己渴望的身份,即使面对的是别人告诉他们应该拥有的身份。在这个国家的第二百五十年,英国出生的尼克斯队前锋OG·阿努诺比(OG Anunoby)在比赛还剩1.2秒时补篮命中,赢下第四场。来自新泽西州新不伦瑞克的杰伦·布伦森(Jalen Brunson),如今和乔·迪马吉奥(Joe DiMaggio)一样,成了一位不可或缺的纽约人——迪马吉奥在布朗克斯旅居前后,都属于旧金山的北滩。就此而言,一位非常非常高的法国人,现在成了一位地道的德州人。

Pastimes and people are oddly matched. Some pastimes are distractions, some are distortions, and some few are true distillations—refining a city or a place or a community to its essence, deliciously sipped by all. In reminding us about the artifactual nature of teams, sports remind us that all identities are largely fictive—things we choose to embrace because we like them, and they like us. We pick a team and make it ours. Juvenal’s satire about the narcotizing effect of all that bread, all those circuses, also contains his equally classic counsel: to pray for both a healthy body and a healthy mind and for a spirit that counts long life among nature’s smaller gifts, making the brutal domination of others less important than the serenity of the self. Whether we’re watching or playing, it’s still sound advice. ♦

消遣与人,总是奇妙地匹配。有些消遣是分心,有些是扭曲,而极少数是真正的蒸馏——将一座城市、一个地方或一个社区提炼至其本质,供所有人惬意地啜饮。在提醒我们球队的人造本质时,体育也提醒我们,所有的身份认同在很大程度上都是虚构的——是我们选择去拥抱的东西,因为我们喜欢它们,它们也喜欢我们。我们选择一支球队,让它成为我们的。尤维纳利斯关于面包和马戏麻醉效应的讽刺,同样包含了他同样经典的忠告:祈求一个健康的身体和一个健康的心灵,祈求一种将长寿视为自然较小恩赐的精神,让对他人的残酷统治变得不如内心的宁静重要。无论我们是在观看还是在参与,这仍是明智的建议。 ♦

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