The Political Scene

The Complications of Graham Platner’s Veteran Identity

格雷厄姆·普拉特纳老兵身份的复杂性
How much of the former Senate candidate’s behavior should be read through the lens of what combat did to him, and how much of it is simply who he is, independent of war?
这位前参议员候选人的行为,有多少该透过战争创伤的棱镜来解读,又有多少只是他独立于战争之外的本来面目?
Graham Platner with glass reflection
Photograph by Sofia Aldinio / Bloomberg / Getty

A few weeks before Graham Platner dropped out of the race for U.S. Senate in Maine, he reflected on the kind of veterans who typically serve in Congress. “It’s not grunts who got in drag-out fights and know exactly what it feels like to taste the blood in your fucking mouth,” he told me, but, rather, “reservist officers,” who serve part time while pursuing a civilian career or an education.

在格雷厄姆·普拉特纳(Graham Platner)退出缅因州联邦参议员竞选的前几周,他反思了通常在国会任职的是哪类退伍军人。“不是那些打过你死我活群架、清楚尝到自己嘴里血腥味是什么感觉的步兵,”他告诉我,而是“预备役军官”,他们一边服役一边追求文职事业或学业。

For most American politicians, military service is a safe, useful credential. Thirty-one Presidents have served in uniform, as have around a hundred current members of Congress. The prototypical service candidate is straitlaced and clean-shaven, someone who speaks about their service in bloodless shorthand, heavy on duty, light on pain. They are expected to have seen some action but not to carry any wounds, a tension that has given rise to acts of stolen valor, in which some candidates embellish or fabricate their military record in order to make it seem more intense.

对大多数美国政客来说,从军经历是一份安全、有用的资历。三十一位总统曾身着军装服役,现任国会议员中也有大约一百位。典型的从军候选人一本正经、面容干净,用不带感情色彩的简略语言谈论自己的服役,重责任,轻痛苦。人们期望他们见过一些战事,但不带任何创伤,这种张力催生了窃取荣誉的行为——一些候选人为了让自己显得更身经百战,会粉饰或捏造从军履历。

Platner, a Marine Corps and Army veteran, had different problems. Critics pointed to his Ivy League-educated father and his brief stint at a prep school as evidence that his working-class image was exaggerated. But, within the military class system, one thing was certain: he was at the bottom. In fact, he was on the ground. Platner deployed four times after 9/11, including two Marine combat tours in Iraq and one Army tour in Afghanistan. He struggled with alcohol and with post-traumatic stress disorder in the aftermath of his service, and his Senate-primary campaign was consumed by revelations about his postwar conduct: racist, misogynistic, and nihilistic posts he’d made on Reddit; a Nazi symbol that he’d drunkenly got tattooed on his chest; sexual text messages he’d sent to other women in the early days of his marriage. The Times interviewed several of his former partners, three of whom described him as volatile. One woman, Lyndsey Fifield, alleged that he had been physically rough with her. Another, Jenny Racicot, said that, in 2021, Platner arrived at her house, drunk and uninvited. She called his behavior “reckless” and “unsettling” but declined to elaborate, saying only that she had cut off contact with him soon after.

普拉特纳,一位海军陆战队和陆军老兵,面临的是不同的问题。批评者指出,他父亲毕业于常春藤盟校,他自己也短暂读过预科学校,这证明他工人阶级的形象被夸大了。但在军队的阶级体系中,有一点是确定的:他身处最底层。事实上,他就在地面战场上。9/11事件后,普拉特纳四次被部署到海外,包括两次海军陆战队在伊拉克的作战部署和一次陆军在阿富汗的部署。退役后,他饱受酗酒和创伤后应激障碍(post-traumatic stress disorder)的困扰,而他参议院初选的竞选活动,则被关于他战后行为的爆料所吞噬:他在Reddit上发表的种族主义、厌女和虚无主义的帖子;他醉酒后在胸口纹的一个纳粹符号;他在婚后初期发给其他女性的露骨短信。《纽约时报》采访了他的几位前伴侣,其中三人形容他情绪反复无常。一位名叫林赛·菲菲尔德(Lyndsey Fifield)的女性指控他曾对她动粗。另一位名叫珍妮·拉西科特(Jenny Racicot)的女性说,2021年,普拉特纳在醉酒且未受邀请的情况下出现在她家。她称他的行为“鲁莽”且“令人不安”,但拒绝详述,只说她很快就与他断绝了联系。

I interviewed Platner twice for this story. Our first conversation was in June, and the second one took place a little more than a week ago. When we spoke in June, in the wake of the Times article, Platner denied any physical aggression (and still does), but he also acknowledged that some of these controversies stemmed from a dark period in his life. He invoked the language of recovery and accountability—one of the running themes of his campaign. “There were many years when I was deeply insecure and deeply unhappy with who I was, for a myriad of reasons,” he told me. “And it takes a lot of work—putting yourself in uncomfortable positions, building new relationships with people and all of that—to get through it.”

为撰写这篇报道,我采访了普拉特纳两次。第一次谈话在六月,第二次在一周多以前。六月那次谈话时,《纽约时报》的文章刚发表不久,普拉特纳否认有任何身体侵犯行为(至今仍否认),但他也承认,其中一些争议源于他人生中一段黑暗时期。他援引了康复和问责这套话语——这是他竞选活动一以贯之的主题之一。“有很多年,出于种种原因,我极度缺乏安全感,也极度厌恶自己,”他告诉我,“这需要付出很多努力——把自己置于不舒服的境地,与人建立新的关系,诸如此类——才能挺过来。”

I spoke with several combat veterans who said that they identified with Platner’s struggles. Others felt he was using P.T.S.D. as a political crutch, perpetuating the stigma that all veterans are damaged and dangerous. One of Platner’s most vocal critics, Jake Auchincloss, a Massachusetts congressman and a former captain in the Marine Corps—he’s now a reservist officer—went on CNN before Maine’s primary and said that Platner’s tattoo was “personally disqualifying,” adding, “I hope Maine voters agree with me.” They didn’t: on June 9th, Platner won the primary with seventy-two per cent of the vote.

我与几位打过仗的老兵交谈过,他们说对普拉特纳的挣扎感同身受。另一些人则认为,他在利用创伤后应激障碍作为政治拐杖,固化了所有老兵都身心受损且危险的污名。普拉特纳最直言不讳的批评者之一,马萨诸塞州国会议员、前海军陆战队上尉——现为预备役军官——杰克·奥金克洛斯(Jake Auchincloss),在缅因州初选前上CNN说,普拉特纳的纹身“本身就足以让他失去资格”,并补充道,“我希望缅因州的选民同意我的看法。”他们并未同意:6月9日,普拉特纳以百分之七十二的得票率赢得了初选。

Shortly after his primary victory, Platner told me he believed that Maine voters understood his struggles. He cited the deepening divide, in America, between communities that fight wars and those that have the privilege of viewing armed conflict “in this real vague, sort of romanticized way.” Within this divide, he enjoyed a geographic advantage: Maine has one of the highest per-capita concentrations of veterans in the country. “One of the things that the political class in this country forgets is that a lot of Americans actually deal with the repercussions of war quite directly,” Platner told me. “People in places of power, people that live in the rarefied air, they don’t have, like, a cousin that went and got fucked up in Fallujah. They don’t have a neighbor who’s a woman veteran who suffers from military sexual assault.”

初选获胜后不久,普拉特纳告诉我,他相信缅因州选民理解他的挣扎。他提到了美国社会中,那些参与战争的社群与那些有特权“以一种非常模糊、近乎浪漫化的方式”看待武装冲突的社群之间日益加深的鸿沟。在这道鸿沟中,他享有地理优势:缅因州的人均退伍军人比例在全美名列前茅。“这个国家的政治阶层忘记了一件事,那就是很多美国人其实非常直接地承受着战争的后果,”普拉特纳告诉我,“身处权力位置的人,生活在稀薄空气中的人,他们没有一个在费卢杰被打残了的表亲。他们没有一个遭受过军队性侵犯的女性退伍军人邻居。”

A month later, Racicot accused Platner of rape. In an interview with Politico, she gave more details about the night that Platner showed up drunk at her home, alleging that he forced her to have sex with him, despite her repeated objections. Platner vehemently denied the allegations, though he said that he would take “the time to reflect on the best path forward.” Meanwhile, his major endorsements evaporated, and the Democratic Party threatened to revoke his access to money and voter data. On July 8th—two days after the publication of the Politico piece—he suspended his campaign; the Maine Democratic Party will hold a convention this Saturday to nominate Troy Jackson as its replacement candidate for Platner, setting up a November matchup against Susan Collins, the Republican incumbent.

一个月后,拉西科特指控普拉特纳强奸。在接受《政客》(Politico)采访时,她提供了更多关于普拉特纳醉酒出现在她家那晚的细节,指控他不顾她一再拒绝,强迫她与他发生性关系。普拉特纳激烈否认这些指控,尽管他说他会“花时间反思最佳的前进道路”。与此同时,他的主要背书纷纷撤销,民主党威胁要取消他获取资金和选民数据的权限。7月8日——《政客》那篇文章发表两天后——他暂停了竞选活动;缅因州民主党将于本周六举行大会,提名特洛伊·杰克逊(Troy Jackson)作为普拉特纳的替补候选人,从而在十一月与共和党现任参议员苏珊·柯林斯(Susan Collins)对决。

Last week, Platner told me that his hesitation to drop out of the race stemmed from his belief that, based on his decisive primary victory, he had genuinely convinced voters of his personal transformation. “I mean, Jesus Christ,” he said, “we had polling where I was still quite competitive.”

上周,普拉特纳告诉我,他之所以犹豫是否退选,是因为他相信,基于他初选的压倒性胜利,他确实让选民相信了他的个人转变。“我的意思是,老天爷,”他说,“我们有民调显示,我仍然相当有竞争力。”

Platner’s candidacy ultimately became a test of how much baggage a candidate can carry, and keep insisting he’s worked through, before it becomes disqualifying. His race also became a #MeToo story, with a specific institutional backdrop: the military, and its potential to be an animating force of masculine dysfunction. In a country stubbornly attached to myths about the military’s positive transformative power, Platner presented a stark counterfactual. Still, how much of his behavior should be read through the lens of what combat did to him, and how much of it is simply who he is, independent of war?

普拉特纳的候选人资格,最终成了一场考验:一个候选人能背负多少包袱,并坚称自己已经处理好了这些包袱,才最终失去资格。他的竞选也成了一个#MeToo故事,有着特定的制度背景:军队,及其可能成为男性功能失调的驱动力量。在一个顽固信奉军队具有积极改造力量神话的国家,普拉特纳提供了一个鲜明的反例。然而,他的行为有多少该透过战争创伤的棱镜来解读,又有多少只是他独立于战争之外的本来面目?

“Just because you have PTSD, doesn’t mean you are excused to treat women in a disgusting manner,” Joslin Joseph, a Marine Corps veteran who served in Iraq, wrote in a June op-ed. After all, Platner is far from the first political candidate to face such allegations; Eric Swalwell and Tony Gonzales, the two most recent members of Congress to suspend campaigns or resign in the wake of sexual-misconduct allegations, had no combat record to invoke.

“你有创伤后应激障碍,不代表你就有借口用令人作呕的方式对待女性,”曾在伊拉克服役的海军陆战队老兵乔斯林·约瑟夫(Joslin Joseph)在六月的一篇评论文章中写道。毕竟,普拉特纳远非第一个面临此类指控的政治候选人;最近两位因性行为不端指控而暂停竞选或辞职的国会议员埃里克·斯沃韦尔(Eric Swalwell)和托尼·冈萨雷斯(Tony Gonzales),都没有战斗经历可以援引。

At the same time, intimate-partner violence is a pervasive issue among current and former members of the military, with researchers positing that this abuse is, at least in some cases, an “extrapolation of [military] attitudes and interpersonal styles into relationships and family life.” A 2005 study by the National Institutes of Health found that veterans with P.T.S.D. are up to three times as likely to be aggressive toward their partners as nonveterans are. Racicot herself invoked Platner’s military trauma when messaging with an acquaintance whose friend was romantically interested in him, back in 2023. Racicot wrote that he was “not all bad”—he could be “charming” and “funny,” she wrote, but also “consensually careless at times.” She said that the behavior flared up when Platner was “drunk. Plus ptsd.”

与此同时,亲密伴侣暴力在现役和退役军人中是一个普遍问题,研究人员认为,这种虐待至少在某些情况下,是“[军事]态度和人际风格向人际关系和家庭生活的延伸”。美国国立卫生研究院2005年的一项研究发现,患有创伤后应激障碍的退伍军人对伴侣施加攻击的可能性,是非退伍军人的三倍。拉西科特本人也曾在2023年与一位熟人发信息时,提及普拉特纳的军事创伤,当时那位熟人的朋友对普拉特纳有好感。拉西科特写道,他“并非一无是处”——他可能“迷人”又“风趣”,她写道,但也“有时会不顾及他人感受”。她说,这种行为在普拉特纳“喝醉时”会发作。“再加上创伤后应激障碍。”

Kayla Williams, an Army veteran and a former director of the Department of Veterans Affairs’ Center for Women Veterans, told me she sees a troubling pattern of hate and misogyny in Platner’s past. (She added that misogyny “can be deepened or enhanced” by military service, and that, in some people, P.T.S.D. “does manifest in negative behaviors.”) She believes people can grow, but is skeptical that Platner has, because of his “decision to hide all the shit,” rather than proactively address it.

凯拉·威廉姆斯(Kayla Williams),一位陆军退伍军人、退伍军人事务部女性退伍军人中心前主任,告诉我,她在普拉特纳的过往中看到了一个令人不安的仇恨和厌女模式。(她补充说,厌女症“可能因服役而加深或强化”,而且在某些人身上,创伤后应激障碍“确实会表现为负面行为”。)她相信人可以成长,但对普拉特纳是否已经成长持怀疑态度,因为他“决定隐藏所有烂事”,而不是主动去解决。

Similarly, Paula Coughlin, a Navy veteran who blew the lid on the infamous 1991 Tailhook scandal, in which Navy and Marine officers sexually assaulted or harassed eighty-three women and seven men, said that Platner’s past should disqualify him from a seat in Congress. “There is absolutely no way I would tolerate that bullshit out of anybody,” she told me.

同样,海军退伍军人保拉·考夫林(Paula Coughlin)曾揭发臭名昭著的1991年“尾钩”(Tailhook)丑闻,在那次事件中,海军和海军陆战队军官性侵犯或骚扰了八十三名女性和七名男性。她说,普拉特纳的过往应该让他失去在国会任职的资格。“我绝无可能容忍任何人的那种狗屁行为,”她告诉我。

After her military service, Coughlin, like Platner, became angry and started to drink heavily; she wanted so badly to escape her military identity that she changed her last name. She placed some conditional “hope” in Platner’s eventual redemption, if for no other reason than that so many other men today are embracing violent masculinity. “I see Pete Hegseth as trying to dive even deeper into that dark abyss of toxic masculinity and misogyny,” Coughlin said. “I would say that Graham is trying to see the bigger picture and his place in the world as a good person, working through his experiences in the military.” Coughlin reasoned that these two high-profile post-9/11 veterans “are going in opposite directions.”

退役后,考夫林和普拉特纳一样,变得愤怒并开始酗酒;她极度渴望摆脱自己的军人身份,以至于改了姓。她对普拉特纳最终的救赎抱有一些有条件的“希望”,哪怕只是因为如今有太多其他男性在拥抱暴力的男性气概。“我认为皮特·赫格塞斯(Pete Hegseth)正试图更深地潜入那个有毒男性气概和厌女症的黑暗深渊,”考夫林说,“而我认为格雷厄姆正试图看到更广阔的图景,以及他作为一个好人,在努力处理自己军中经历的过程中,在这个世界上的位置。”考夫林推断,这两位备受瞩目的9/11后退伍军人“正朝着相反的方向走去”。

Before Platner suspended his campaign, Tony Ursone, a squad leader in his platoon during his first deployment in Iraq, cast his candidacy as a test of how far America’s empathy for military veterans truly extends. “It gets fucking crazy how people think they can dominate this conversation, and say, ‘Thank you for your service,’ and then turn around and talk shit about somebody like Graham, who has grown from his service and has grown in spite of it,” Ursone said.

在普拉特纳暂停竞选之前,托尼·乌尔索内(Tony Ursone),他首次部署伊拉克时的班长,将他的参选视为一场考验,考验美国对退伍军人的同理心究竟有多深。“人们以为他们能主导这种对话,说着‘感谢你的服役’,转头就对格雷厄姆这样的人说三道四,这简直太他妈疯狂了。格雷厄姆从他的服役中成长了,尽管服役经历如此,他还是成长了,”乌尔索内说。

Platner estimates that his “childish idealism” about the military was cemented by age two. One early influence was a record titled “Hoorah for the Red, White, and Blue!,” pressed in 1958. Platner memorized all three stanzas of track five, “The Halls of Montezuma,” the official hymn of the U.S. Marine Corps. By age six, he was fixated on police, firefighter, and military uniforms; a neighbor later stitched him a makeshift Union Army uniform, which he wore for a classroom presentation on the Civil War.

普拉特纳估计,他对军队“幼稚的理想主义”在两岁时就根深蒂固了。一个早期影响是一张1958年压制的唱片,名为《为红、白、蓝三色欢呼!》。普拉特纳记住了第五首歌《蒙特祖玛的殿堂》的全部三段歌词,这是美国海军陆战队的官方颂歌。到六岁时,他已经迷上了警察、消防员和军人的制服;一位邻居后来给他缝制了一套临时的联邦军制服,他穿着它做了一次关于内战的课堂展示。

When Platner was ten, he visited the home of a family friend named Jack Deane, Jr., a four-star general known for joining his men on the front lines during the Vietnam War. In a 1967 newspaper article, an Army comrade said that the general’s military feats made “war stories out of those blood-and-guts men’s magazines read like ‘Jack and Jill went up the hill.’ ” Platner visited the house a dozen or so times, and would spend hours listening to Deane, Jr.,’s vivid combat stories, often in a wood-panelled library where the general displayed his military brass.

普拉特纳十岁时,拜访了一位家族朋友小杰克·迪恩(Jack Deane, Jr.)的家,他是一位四星上将,以在越战期间与部下并肩在前线作战而闻名。在1967年的一篇报纸文章中,一位陆军战友说,这位将军的军事壮举让“那些血腥暴力的男性杂志里的战争故事读起来就像《杰克和吉尔上山打水》”。普拉特纳去过那栋房子十几次,会花几个小时听小迪恩讲述生动的战斗故事,地点常常是在一间镶着木板的书房里,将军在那里陈列着他的军徽。

For three summers in high school, Platner worked for the Appalachian Mountain Club in New Hampshire, building trails and clearing brush. The lodge where he slept was named for a marine killed at Iwo Jima, and one of Platner’s superiors was active in the Corps. “Everything was about intensity—everything was about physicality,” Platner recalled. “The more you were suffering, the harder you were working, the better everything was.” At eighteen, Platner got his first tattoo to memorialize the experience: two crossed axes and the peak of a white mountain.

高中时的三个暑假,普拉特纳都在新罕布什尔州的阿巴拉契亚山俱乐部工作,修步道、清灌木。他睡觉的小屋是以一位在硫磺岛阵亡的海军陆战队员命名的,而他的一位上司是陆战队的现役队员。“一切都关乎强度——一切都关乎身体性,”普拉特纳回忆道,“你越受苦,干活越卖力,一切就越好。”十八岁时,普拉特纳纹了他的第一个纹身来纪念这段经历:两把交叉的斧头和一个白色山峰的峰顶。

As Platner approached his high-school graduation, Deane, Jr., encouraged him to apply to West Point, his alma mater. But Platner was not interested in military management. “I like doing the work,” he explained. “I don’t really wanna tell people to do the work.” Platner graduated in 2003, the same year that the U.S. invaded Iraq, and by his own account had already developed a bone-deep, if naïve, belief that an upstanding troop could meaningfully influence conditions on the ground. Shortly after graduating, Platner went backpacking through Europe, where he met several marines. After returning to Maine, he snuck his birth certificate from his father’s office and enlisted. On March 1, 2004, Platner’s mother, Leslie Harlow, dropped him off at a DoubleTree motel in Portland where he was set to fly to boot camp the next morning. She cried all the way home.

普拉特纳高中快毕业时,小迪恩鼓励他申请自己的母校西点军校。但普拉特纳对军事管理不感兴趣。“我喜欢干活,”他解释说,“我不太想指挥别人干活。”普拉特纳于2003年毕业,同年美国入侵伊拉克。按他自己的说法,他那时已经形成了一种深入骨髓的信念,尽管天真,即一个正直的士兵能够对地面上的局势产生有意义的影响。毕业后不久,普拉特纳去欧洲背包旅行,在那里遇到了几位海军陆战队员。回到缅因州后,他从父亲的办公室偷出了自己的出生证明,然后入伍了。2004年3月1日,普拉特纳的母亲莱斯利·哈洛(Leslie Harlow)把他送到波特兰的一家逸林汽车旅馆,他计划第二天早上从那里飞往新兵训练营。她一路哭着回家。

“We take these young, vulnerable human beings, men and women, and we put them into this thing that they are absolutely not prepared for,” she told me. This thing—the military—aims, at least in Harlow’s eyes, to turn boys into tools for brutal battlefield aims.

“我们把这些年轻、脆弱的生命,男人和女人,放进这个他们绝对没有准备好的东西里,”她告诉我。这个东西——军队——至少在哈洛看来,旨在把男孩变成服务于残酷战场目标的工具。

Platner’s first deployment, in early 2005, began at the Abu Ghraib prison complex, part of which the military had rechristened Camp Redemption. A year earlier, the prison had become the center of a detainee-abuse scandal that shook the nation. When Platner arrived, the place seemed haunted not only by American misconduct but also by Saddam Hussein’s use of it to imprison and abuse political dissidents during his reign. Donnie Briere, who deployed there with Platner, told me that even some of the bigger, tougher marines “were crawling out of their skin.”

普拉特纳的首次部署在2005年初,始于阿布格莱布监狱建筑群,军方已将其部分区域重新命名为“救赎营”。一年前,这座监狱曾是一起震惊全国的虐囚丑闻的中心。当普拉特纳抵达时,这个地方似乎不仅因美军的不当行为而阴魂不散,也因萨达姆·侯赛因统治时期用它来囚禁和虐待政治异见者而鬼影重重。与普拉特纳一同部署到那里的唐尼·布里埃尔(Donnie Briere)告诉我,就连一些更高大、更强悍的海军陆战队员都“浑身不自在”。

When Briere first met Platner, he thought that Platner had accidentally boarded the wrong bus. He was “way smarter than the rest of us,” Briere said, and engaging with him “felt like walking into an upscale winery” when you were used to drinking Miller Lite drafts. But his skepticism waned after he saw Platner confidently lead men during training. “His voice helps,” Briere added.

布里埃尔第一次见到普拉特纳时,还以为他上错了车。他“比我们其他人聪明得多”,布里埃尔说,与他交流“感觉就像走进一家高档酒庄”,而你已经习惯了喝米勒淡啤。但在看到普拉特纳在训练中自信地带领士兵后,他的怀疑消失了。“他的声音很有帮助,”布里埃尔补充道。

The unit’s first major combat came in April, 2005, during a surprise evening mortar and small-arms attack on the prison, which included suicide car bombers targeting the complex’s perimeter. Ursone, a squad leader at the complex, recalled coming upon the aftermath of a different mortar attack by the mujahideen: “There’s bodies everywhere,” he said, “limbs blown up and all that stuff.” One of the casualties was a young boy. On another operation during this deployment, Platner’s vehicle got hit by an improvised explosive device northeast of Fallujah, which gave his friend a serious head wound.

该部队的首次重大战斗发生在2005年4月,当时监狱遭到迫击炮和轻武器的夜间突袭,还有自杀式汽车炸弹袭击者攻击建筑群的外围。当时在该建筑群担任班长的乌尔索内,回忆起另一次圣战者迫击炮袭击后的场景:“到处都是尸体,”他说,“炸飞的肢体,诸如此类的东西。”其中一名遇难者是个小男孩。在这次部署的另一次行动中,普拉特纳的车辆在费卢杰东北部被一枚简易爆炸装置(improvised explosive device)击中,导致他的一位朋友头部重伤。

Platner’s tour was punctuated by hopeful moments, too, including his first mission: monitoring the 2005 Iraqi elections. “We managed security at a voting site,” he recalled. “All these people came down and lined up to vote, and we worked really hard to keep the crowd calm. And it was excellent. It was cool.” But Platner also came to doubt the doctrine he’d been trained to trust; the military’s dehumanization of the enemy, and its often indiscriminate attacks, seemed at odds with “hearts and minds” missions, such as handing out water and candy to locals. “I really don’t understand what’s going on,” he remembers thinking.

普拉特纳的这次部署也穿插着充满希望的时刻,包括他的第一个任务:监督2005年伊拉克选举。“我们负责一个投票站的安全,”他回忆道,“所有这些人都来排队投票,我们非常努力地维持人群的平静。那很棒。很酷。”但普拉特纳也开始怀疑他受训时要信任的教条;军队对敌人的非人化,及其常常不加区分的攻击,似乎与“赢得人心”的任务格格不入,比如向当地人分发水和糖果。“我真的不明白到底发生了什么,”他记得自己当时这样想。

He described his experience in the military as both stunting and transformative. It didn’t promote growth but, rather, a “hardening” of his angsty, boyish instincts, he told me. Briere agreed. “You don’t fully mature in the military,” he said. “You, as a human, stay a teen-age boy.” This is especially true of the infantry, he argued, which fosters a hyper-insular “primitive” subculture.

他形容自己的军中经历既阻碍成长,又具有改造力。他告诉我,这并没有促进成长,反而“硬化”了他那些充满焦虑、孩子气的本能。布里埃尔同意这一点。“你在军队里不会完全成熟,”他说,“作为一个人,你始终停留在青少年男孩的状态。”他认为这在步兵中尤其如此,它培育了一种高度封闭的“原始”亚文化。

Ursone reckoned that the distinct rites and language of their marine tribe would, to polite society, resemble hieroglyphics. “It has its own language, its own swagger, and this whole all-encompassing—and, when we were in, it was all-male—vibe,” he said. That culture, several veterans told me, is a stew of pent-up sexual energy, existential anxiety, and brotherhood, producing a mix of childish dick jokes, homoerotic hazing rites, sexism, and self-destruction. “You almost have to, like, live in a world of offensiveness, because what you do for work is offensive to the soul,” Platner said.

乌尔索内认为,他们海军陆战队部落独特的仪式和语言,对文明社会来说,就像象形文字。“它有自己的语言,自己的派头,还有这整个包罗万象的——而且我们服役那会儿,全是男性的——氛围,”他说。几位老兵告诉我,那种文化是压抑的性欲、存在性焦虑和兄弟情谊的大杂烩,产生了幼稚的鸡巴笑话、带有同性恋色彩的欺凌仪式、性别歧视和自我毁灭的混合体。“你几乎不得不住在一个充满冒犯性的世界里,因为你干的工作就是对灵魂的冒犯,”普拉特纳说。

Thomas Brennan, a former marine who served in Iraq the same year that Platner did—and later exposed a marine revenge-porn ring for the news nonprofit he founded, The War Horse—said that all-male infantry units made it “widely accepted to look down on women marines, to talk negatively about women marines, to hypersexualize women marines.” Brennan admitted that he had participated in that culture himself. Coughlin, the veteran who exposed the 1991 Tailhook scandal, recalled a female marine being called “a walking mattress,” in her day: “It was really baked in.” Indeed, a 2017 article in the Journal of Peace Research argues that military sexual violence is inculcated through core military socialization processes that treat sexualized hazing and assault as appropriate forms of punishment or bonding. In a 2020 Reddit post, Platner wrote that he envied West Coast marine veterans because “they get to bang LA chicks, whores in TJ [Tijuana], and hit up Vegas.”

托马斯·布伦南(Thomas Brennan),一位前海军陆战队员,与普拉特纳同年在伊拉克服役——后来在他创办的非营利新闻机构《战马》(The War Horse)揭露了一个海军陆战队报复性色情团伙——他说,全男性的步兵单位使得“看不起女海军陆战队员、负面谈论女海军陆战队员、对女海军陆战队员进行过度性化,被广泛接受”。布伦南承认他自己也曾参与那种文化。揭发1991年尾钩丑闻的老兵考夫林回忆说,在她那个年代,女海军陆战队员会被叫做“一张行走的床垫”:“这真是根深蒂固。”事实上,《和平研究杂志》2017年的一篇文章认为,军队性暴力是通过核心的军事社会化过程灌输的,这些过程将性化的欺凌和侵犯视为适当的惩罚或建立纽带的形式。在2020年Reddit的一个帖子里,普拉特纳写道,他羡慕西海岸的海军陆战队退伍军人,因为“他们能搞到洛杉矶的妞,蒂华纳的妓女,还能去拉斯维加斯玩”。

While Platner and his men fought in Fallujah, a wave of public forgetting was already under way. A kind of abstraction set in about what was going on overseas. After his first deployment, Harlow attended a homecoming at Camp Lejeune, in Jacksonville, North Carolina, where she remembers being greeted by the sight of car dealerships, tattoo parlors, and strip bars blaring patriotic messages, followed by a muted event for the marines, many of whom were dazed and injured, with no elected officials present. “Nobody from Congress or the Senate or the mayor of Jacksonville,” she recalled. “There was nobody there to thank these guys. You just felt so empty.” Platner’s father, Bronson, was also absent; he disapproved of both the war and his son’s choice to enlist.

当普拉特纳和他的战友们在费卢杰作战时,一波公众遗忘的浪潮已经开始。对于海外发生的事情,一种抽象感逐渐形成。在他第一次部署结束后,哈洛参加了在北卡罗来纳州杰克逊维尔勒琼营举行的欢迎回家仪式。她记得映入眼帘的是汽车经销店、纹身店和脱衣舞酒吧,高声播放着爱国信息,随后是为海军陆战队员们举行的一场冷清的仪式,许多队员神情茫然、带着伤,现场没有民选官员。“没有国会议员、参议员或杰克逊维尔的市长,”她回忆道,“没有人在那里感谢这些小伙子。你只是感到无比空虚。”普拉特纳的父亲布朗森(Bronson)也缺席了;他不赞成这场战争,也不赞成儿子入伍的选择。

After Platner got off the plane, he and his mom ended up at a Hooters, where, over wings, she found herself thinking, We’ve gone through all this, and this is what you do?

普拉特纳下飞机后,他和母亲最终去了一家“猫头鹰”餐厅,在那里吃着鸡翅,她发现自己心里在想,我们经历了这一切,结果你就做这个?

According to an archived Reddit post, Platner spent the next six months “solidly drunk.” He then returned to Iraq and spent eight months in Ramadi.

根据一个存档的Reddit帖子,普拉特纳在接下来的六个月里“一直醉醺醺的”。然后他返回了伊拉克,在拉马迪待了八个月。

Twenty minutes after Platner dropped “[his] shit at the hooch” at Camp Hurricane Point in Ramadi, an I.E.D. attached to an oil tanker exploded nearby. He would later recall, on Reddit, “looking east at a gigantic fireball rising, framed by a sky full of tracer fire.” He continued, “While it was my second deployment, at that moment I started to feel really scared.” Platner said that leadership suggested the soldiers take up smoking in order to deal with the stress; before long, he was smoking two packs a day. The tour was marked by blistering heat and perpetual violence, which he later summed up on Reddit as “Spring Break Ramadi 2006: You were chillin’, we were killin’!”

普拉特纳在拉马迪的“飓风角”营地,刚把“行李扔到棚屋里”二十分钟,一个附在油罐车上的简易爆炸装置就在附近爆炸了。他后来在Reddit上回忆道,“向东望去,一个巨大的火球正在升起,背景是满天曳光弹划出的弹道。”他继续说,“虽然这是我第二次部署,但在那一刻,我开始感到真正的恐惧。”普拉特纳说,领导层建议士兵们开始抽烟来应对压力;没过多久,他就一天抽两包烟了。这次部署的特点是酷热和持续不断的暴力,他后来在Reddit上总结为“2006年拉马迪春假:你在放松,我们在杀人!”

During his third and final Marine tour, in 2007, Platner got a skull-and-crossbones tattoo—a Totenkopf, originally an S.S. symbol—while drunk with buddies in Split, Croatia. He says the tattoo was meant to look cool and commemorate brotherhood, nothing more; he had it covered up, last October, after journalists pointed out its Nazi provenance. Some alleged that he knew the symbol’s original meaning long before then. “There is no way he spent twenty years—showering at gyms and everything—and nobody ever said, ‘Wow, bro—seriously?’ ” Kayla Williams, the former director of the V.A.’s Center for Women Veterans, argued. “And he never Googled it? That strains credibility past the breaking point.”

2007年,在他第三次也是最后一次海军陆战队部署期间,普拉特纳在克罗地亚斯普利特和哥们儿喝醉时,纹了一个骷髅头加交叉骨头的纹身——一个“骷髅头”(Totenkopf),最初是党卫军的符号。他说这个纹身本意是看起来很酷,纪念兄弟情谊,仅此而已;去年十月,在记者指出其纳粹来源后,他把它遮盖了。有人指控他很早以前就知道这个符号的原始含义。“他不可能二十年——在健身房洗澡什么的——从没有人说过,‘哇,兄弟——你认真的?’”退伍军人事务部女性退伍军人中心前主任凯拉·威廉姆斯争辩道,“而且他从来没谷歌过?这简直难以置信到了极点。”

Other veterans pushed back, citing similar instances of service members’ unwittingly getting offensive tattoos. Dan Barkhuff, a former Navy SEAL and founder of the political group Veterans for Responsible Leadership, told me that, at the end of his time at Marine Corps Scout Sniper school, he heard plenty of graduates discuss getting “S.S.” tattoos, which were meant to denote “Scout Sniper.” “I was, like, ‘Whoa, dude, let’s pump the fucking brakes for a sec,’ ” Barkhuff recalled. “ ‘You do not wanna go through life with an S.S. tattoo.’ And they’re, like, ‘Why not? Scout Sniper!’ ”

其他退伍军人则反驳,列举了服役人员无意中纹了冒犯性纹身的类似事例。丹·巴克夫(Dan Barkhuff),前海豹突击队员、政治团体“退伍军人支持负责任的领导力”创始人,告诉我,他在海军陆战队侦察狙击手学校受训结束时,听到不少毕业生讨论要纹“S.S.”纹身,本意是指“侦察狙击手”(Scout Sniper)。“我当时就说,‘哇哦,哥们儿,咱们他妈的先缓一缓,’”巴克夫回忆道,“‘你绝对不想一辈子带着个S.S.纹身过活。’他们就说,‘为啥不?侦察狙击手嘛!’”

Brennan, who has extensive ink of his own, told me that the skull-and-crossbones image was a common template at tattoo parlors near Camp Lejeune. “I’ve looked at those walls for ideas quite a few times, and that image was included in the flash art at many, many tattoo parlors,” he said, adding that the walls did not mention the symbol’s Nazi origins.

布伦南自己就有很多纹身,他告诉我,骷髅头加交叉骨头的图案在勒琼营附近的纹身店是很常见的模板。“我好几次看着那些墙找灵感,那个图案就包含在很多很多纹身店的现成图样里,”他说,并补充说那些墙上并没有提及这个符号的纳粹起源。

After his time in the Marines, Platner studied Arabic and history at George Washington University. He then joined the Army for one more tour, in Afghanistan, and came to see the war there as one built on dubious metrics, similar to the one in Iraq. Before a second, abbreviated stint there as a State Department contractor, he moved back to Maine and lived with his mother for a year. “Graham was here holding me up, and I was kind of holding him up,” Harlow said.

离开海军陆战队后,普拉特纳在乔治·华盛顿大学学习了阿拉伯语和历史。然后他加入了陆军,又进行了一次阿富汗部署,并逐渐看清那里的战争和伊拉克战争一样,建立在可疑的衡量标准之上。在他作为国务院承包商第二次短暂派驻那里之前,他搬回了缅因州,和他母亲住了一年。“格雷厄姆在这里支撑着我,而我也在某种程度上支撑着他,”哈洛说。

For years, Platner had experienced symptoms of P.T.S.D. and depression, struggling to shed the military value system that had shaped his life in the past. “Virtues in a combat-infantry unit are not virtues in the real world,” he told me. “To leave that and then go out into the real world—for me, personally, I felt so unmoored.”

多年来,普拉特纳一直经历着创伤后应激障碍和抑郁的症状,挣扎着摆脱过去塑造了他生活的军事价值体系。“战斗步兵部队里的美德,在现实世界里不是美德,”他告诉我,“离开那里,然后进入现实世界——对我个人而言,我感到无比迷茫。”

Barkhuff said that the military’s transition-assistance programs, which typically offer instruction on résumé writing and V.A. benefits, are ill-equipped to handle reintegration. “We haven’t cracked the code on magically taking men who were in war and then bringing them back to peacetime,” he said. “The Odyssey is about coming home from war and, metaphorically, all the dangers that can trip you up along the way. It’s, like, women, right? Like, the sirens, you know? It’s drink, right? It’s violent behavior.” The U.S. military has the highest divorce rate of any career field, along with elevated rates of alcohol abuse, extremist thought, intimate-partner violence, and criminality.

巴克夫说,军队的过渡援助项目,通常提供简历写作和退伍军人事务部福利方面的指导,但不足以处理重返社会的问题。“我们还没找到魔法,能把经历过战争的男人神奇地带回和平时期,”他说,“《奥德赛》讲的就是从战争中回家,以及比喻意义上,沿途所有可能让你栽跟头的危险。比如,女人,对吧?就像塞壬女妖,你知道吧?还有酒,对吧?还有暴力行为。”美国军队的离婚率是所有职业中最高的,同时酗酒、极端主义思想、亲密伴侣暴力和犯罪率也更高。

Ursone described falling into a pattern of “drinking, fucking, and fighting” after coming home. Coughlin, too, became angry and self-destructive, reaching for “Grey Goose out of the freezer” as her marriage unravelled. In 2013, Platner wrote on Reddit that “the only time ‘PTSD’ ever rears its disruptive head” is through “significant amounts of alcohol consumption.” He went on, “It’s not PTSD, it’s being piss drunk, acting like an asshole, and having an excuse most of society buys.”

乌尔索内描述了自己回家后陷入“喝酒、鬼混、打架”的模式。考夫林也变得愤怒和自我毁灭,在她的婚姻破裂时,伸手去拿“冰箱里的灰雁伏特加”。2013年,普拉特纳在Reddit上写道,“‘创伤后应激障碍’唯一会抬起它破坏性的头的时候”,是“在大量饮酒之后”。他接着说,“那不是创伤后应激障碍,那是喝得烂醉,表现得像个混蛋,并且有一个社会大多数人都会买账的借口。”

When I asked Platner how one reconciles that sentiment with his more recent rhetoric, he chalked up the 2013 post to “macho bullshit” that he was using to minimize his mental-health struggles before entering V.A. care, in 2017, where he was matched with a therapist whom he still works with today. By 2021, he was posting on Reddit in favor of therapy: “Not a big deal at all, and with serious benefits.” Ursone told me that, if Platner hadn’t “bullied” him into getting therapy, “I probably wouldn’t be here today.”

当我问普拉特纳,如何将这种情绪与他最近的言论调和时,他将2013年的帖子归因于“大男子主义的屁话”,他当时用这种话来淡化自己的心理健康挣扎,之后在2017年才开始接受退伍军人事务部的护理,在那里他匹配到了一位治疗师,至今仍在合作。到2021年,他已经在Reddit上发帖支持治疗了:“根本不是什么大事,而且有实实在在的好处。”乌尔索内告诉我,如果不是普拉特纳“逼着”他去接受治疗,“我今天可能就不在了。”

In the years that followed, Platner learned to farm oysters by hand, served as a local harbormaster and planning-board chairman, bought a house, got married, and quit smoking. But this recovery narrative is gravely complicated by the allegation that he raped Raciot in 2021 while very drunk. Last week, I spoke with Platner over the phone; his wife, Amy, was also on the line. In our conversation, he said that sometime in his mid-thirties—which roughly aligns with the alleged assault—he came to understand that his alcohol consumption was leading “to shame and self-destructive behavior,” and that he quit drinking for a while before reëstablishing healthier relationships.

在随后的几年里,普拉特纳学会了手工养殖牡蛎,担任了当地的港务长和规划委员会主席,买了房子,结了婚,戒了烟。但这个康复叙事,被2021年他在酩酊大醉时强奸拉西科特的指控严重地复杂化了。上周,我和普拉特纳通了电话;他的妻子艾米(Amy)也在线上。在我们的谈话中,他说在他三十五六岁的某个时候——这大致与被指控的侵犯时间吻合——他意识到自己的饮酒正在导致“羞耻和自我毁灭的行为”,于是他戒酒了一段时间,然后重新建立了更健康的关系。

Even as he opened up to me about these broader struggles, he continued to deny Racicot’s claims. This dismissal—and his video announcing that he was suspending his candidacy, in which he attributed her story to a larger smear campaign—stood in sharp contrast to his greatest perceived asset: his candor and vulnerability in acknowledging mistakes. “I don’t know how one is supposed to be vulnerable about things that aren’t real,” he said, of Racicot’s allegations, which are buttressed by Facebook messages she sent years before Platner launched his Senate bid. (“One of the reasons I didn’t come forward sooner was, the huge moral conflict that I had between supporting his politics, but not supporting him as a person,” Racicot told Politico—hardly indicative of a smear campaign.)

即使在他向我敞开心扉谈论这些更广泛的挣扎时,他仍然否认拉西科特的说法。这种否认——以及他宣布暂停候选人资格的视频,在视频中他将她的故事归因于一场更大的抹黑运动——与他最被看重的资产形成了鲜明对比:他在承认错误时的坦率和脆弱。“我不知道一个人该如何对那些不真实的事情表现出脆弱,”他谈到拉西科特的指控时说,这些指控有她多年前在普拉特纳发起参议院竞选之前发送的脸书消息作为支撑。(“我没有早点站出来的原因之一是,我在支持他的政治理念和不支持他这个人之间,存在着巨大的道德冲突,”拉西科特告诉《政客》——这几乎不像是抹黑运动的迹象。)

“The whole thing is very jarring,” Platner continued, over the phone. “I have not felt the kind of stress I felt this week since I was in combat.” Amy, for her part, suggested that the public was still digesting scandals that she and Platner had worked through long ago. “When we were sharing our story, it was new to everyone who was watching and listening,” she said. “But, for us, we’ve been doing hard work behind the scenes for a really long time.”

“整件事非常令人震惊,”普拉特纳在电话中继续说道,“我这周感受到的压力,是我从打仗以来从未有过的。”艾米则表示,公众仍在消化她和普拉特纳很久以前就已经处理过的丑闻。“当我们分享我们的故事时,对所有观看和聆听的人来说都是新鲜的,”她说,“但对我们来说,我们已经在幕后做了很长时间的艰苦努力。”

Just before our call ended, Platner told me that he still dreams of creating “a world in which we offer people grace, the ability to transform, and redemption. A world in which people, especially men, can see openness, vulnerability, and the willingness to open up as signs of strength rather than signs of weakness. A world in which we, as a nation, begin to reckon with the very serious emotional outcomes of sending a whole generation off to fight in a pointless war.”

就在我们通话结束前,普拉特纳告诉我,他仍然梦想着创造“一个我们给予人们宽容、转变的可能性和救赎的世界。一个人们,尤其是男人,能够将开放、脆弱和愿意敞开心扉视为力量而非软弱标志的世界。一个我们作为一个国家,开始正视将整整一代人送去打一场无意义的战争所带来的、非常严重的情感后果的世界。”

For a few brief months, Platner spread this message far and wide. But it didn’t go according to plan, and Maine will now pick a new Democratic Senate candidate. Platner told me he would still do it all again, knowing everything. Serving as a messy public avatar of military trauma and, perhaps, growth, he concluded, was “an honor.” ♦

在短暂的几个月里,普拉特纳将这一讯息传播到了四面八方。但事情并未按计划进行,缅因州现在将挑选一位新的民主党参议员候选人。普拉特纳告诉我,即使知道一切,他仍然会再做一遍。他总结道,作为一个混乱的、代表军事创伤——或许还有成长——的公众化身,是“一种荣幸”。♦

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