The Front Row

“Lost Chapters” Weaves Literary Mysteries Into Family Bonds

《失落的章节》:在家庭羁绊中编织文学之谜
The Venezuelan director Lorena Alvarado’s first feature, starring her own relatives in a fictional drama, connects a young woman’s homecoming and her artistic ambitions.
委内瑞拉导演洛雷娜·阿尔瓦拉多(Lorena Alvarado)的首部长片,由她的亲人出演一部虚构剧情片,将一位年轻女性的归家之旅与她的艺术抱负紧密相连。
Figure stands in profile against a wall
Photograph courtesy Several Futures

Sometimes profound originality sneaks up quietly and modestly. The first feature by the Venezuelan director Lorena Alvarado, “Lost Chapters,” was made mainly with a crew of two (her and the cinematographer José Ostos), and the three main characters are played by family members: her sister, Ena Alvarado; her father, Ignacio Alvarado; and her grandmother Adela Rodríguez, who is Ignacio’s mother. The characters’ relationships are their real-life ones, as are their first names, but the story is fiction. The action takes place in Caracas, where Ignacio and his mother live together in a comfortable, modern house. It’s August, and Ena, who is twenty-five, has come to visit her father and grandmother. Ignacio is a book dealer who recently had to close his shop—he darkly mentions conditions in the country that forced his hand—and Ena helps out at the warehouse where he keeps his vast collection of books. While shelving old volumes, she finds a handwritten postcard mentioning an obscure novel from 1912, by someone she hasn’t heard of, which, the card hints, may have been written pseudonymously by the real-life Venezuelan author Rafael Bolívar Coronado. She embarks on a search for the book and on research about Bolívar Coronado, who was known for writing under pseudonyms, even compiling anthologies of works by nonexistent poets, all written by him. She forms a plan to write a novel about Bolívar Coronado, based in history but imaginatively counterfactual.

有时,深刻的原创性会悄无声息、谦逊低调地降临。委内瑞拉导演洛雷娜·阿尔瓦拉多的首部长片《失落的章节》,主要由两人团队完成(她和摄影师何塞·奥斯托斯),三位主角均由她的家人饰演:妹妹埃娜·阿尔瓦拉多(Ena Alvarado)、父亲伊格纳西奥·阿尔瓦拉多(Ignacio Alvarado),以及祖母阿德拉·罗德里格斯(Adela Rodríguez),也就是伊格纳西奥的母亲。角色之间的关系就是现实中的关系,名字也沿用真名,但故事是虚构的。故事发生在加拉加斯,伊格纳西奥和母亲住在一栋舒适现代的房子里。时值八月,二十五岁的埃娜来看望父亲和祖母。伊格纳西奥是书商,最近不得不关掉书店——他阴郁地提到,是这个国家的状况逼他走到了这一步——埃娜在他存放海量藏书的仓库里帮忙。整理旧书时,她发现了一张手写明信片,上面提到一本1912年的冷门小说,作者她从未听说过。明信片暗示,这本书可能是委内瑞拉真实存在的作家拉斐尔·玻利瓦尔·科罗纳多(Rafael Bolívar Coronado)用笔名写的。她开始寻找这本书,并着手研究玻利瓦尔·科罗纳多,这位作家以使用笔名闻名,甚至编过一些由不存在的诗人写成的诗集,所有作品其实都出自他一人之手。她计划写一部关于玻利瓦尔·科罗纳多的小说,基于史实,但进行富有想象力的反事实推演。

That’s more or less the story of the movie. There isn’t a single supernatural or imaginary event, yet it’s more alive, scene to scene, than the blockbuster of the moment; despite its doubtless infinitesimal budget, just about any image in it displays more immediate observation and spontaneous creation than any of the script illustrations put gigantically onscreen in “The Odyssey.” It’s a movie of the image, in which Alvarado perceives a quasi-mystical dimension of ordinary things and serenely fills the screen with a sense of bittersweet wonder.

这差不多就是这部电影的故事。片中没有任何超自然或虚构的事件,然而,它一场接一场地,比当下任何大片都更有生命力;尽管预算无疑微乎其微,但片中几乎任何一个画面,都比《奥德赛》里那些被巨大地投射在银幕上的剧本插图,展现出更直接的观察和更自发的创造。这是一部关于影像的电影,阿尔瓦拉多在其中感知到寻常事物近乎神秘的维度,并宁静地用整个银幕承载起一种苦乐交织的惊奇感。

That visual power dawns from the many discoveries that await Ena upon her homecoming. She finds that her grandmother, whom she calls Mamama, is beginning to lose her memory and that Ignacio anticipates placing her in a care facility soon. On one occasion, at the warehouse, Adela remembers her youthful taste for Charles Dickens, but, on another, she forgets that Ena’s father is her son. Meanwhile, Ignacio, since the closure of his store, has launched a personal passion project, the founding of the Museum of Venezuelan Books (which actually exists, founded by Ignacio Alvarado). His daily activities are complicated by a donation of a five-thousand-volume book collection that’s more a headache than a bounty.

这种视觉力量,源于埃娜归家后等待她的诸多发现。她发现,被她唤作“妈妈玛”的祖母开始失忆,伊格纳西奥预计很快就要把她送进护理机构。有一次,在仓库里,阿德拉还记得自己年轻时对查尔斯·狄更斯的喜爱;但另一次,她却忘了埃娜的父亲就是自己的儿子。与此同时,伊格纳西奥在书店关门后,启动了一个个人热忱项目——创立委内瑞拉书籍博物馆(这个博物馆真实存在,正是由伊格纳西奥·阿尔瓦拉多创办的)。他的日常活动,因为有人捐赠了五千册藏书而变得复杂起来,这与其说是份厚礼,不如说是个令人头疼的麻烦。

With a story such as this one, in which the accretion of slight incidents builds to a shape suggesting a small but crucial segment of the arc of life, the demands on a filmmaker are weighty. The script doesn’t do the bulk of the work, and the actors can’t do it, because the material doesn’t admit of interpretive extremes. Instead, the simplicity of the action requires a kind of cinematic exaltation, an aesthetic of daily life that enshrines an approach to filmmaking and to the life that is depicted. From the start, Alvarado’s direction emphasizes the grandeur built into the family’s routine passions by simple choices of great artistic authority: her wide-screen images, done mostly in fixed frames, are poised and assertive, and when the camera moves it does so slowly and smoothly, with pensive grace.

对于这样一个故事——其中,细微事件的累积,逐渐勾勒出生命弧线中一小段虽小却至关重要的形状——对电影创作者的要求是很高的。剧本承担不了大部分工作,演员也做不到,因为素材本身不容许极端的演绎。相反,情节的简洁要求一种电影化的升华,一种日常生活的美学,将电影创作方法和所描绘的生活本身都奉为圭臬。从一开始,阿尔瓦拉多的导演手法就通过极具艺术权威的简单选择,强调了家庭日常激情中蕴含的庄严感:她的宽银幕画面大多采用固定镜头,沉稳而笃定;当摄影机移动时,则缓慢平滑,带着沉思的优雅。

The home in Caracas to which Ena returns, for all the bright clarity of its rooms and the lush foliage of its grounds, is filled with ambient emotion, which crackles like an electrical charge. What generates the charge are the objects the place contains. Alvarado’s fervent attentiveness to spaces and their contents daringly places them on nearly equal dramatic footing with the characters who inhabit and use them. She catches objects in motion: books flopping on a shelf imply others that have been moved; Adela’s rocking chair, empty but seesawing, indicates that she’s just got up. Branches blow in the breeze, rain drips from eaves; a treehouse outside and a doll house indoors seemingly conjure the voices of children who played there. Alvarado’s achievement is nearly animistic, turning objects from icons of life into living things themselves, infused with the being of those who live with them and care for them.

埃娜回到的加拉加斯的家,尽管房间明亮通透,庭院草木葱茏,却充满了弥漫的情绪,像电荷一样噼啪作响。产生这种电荷的,是这个地方所容纳的物品。阿尔瓦拉多对空间及其内容物投以炽热的关注,大胆地将它们置于与居住和使用它们的角色几乎同等的戏剧地位。她捕捉运动中的物体:书在书架上倒下,暗示着其他书被移动过;阿德拉的摇椅空着,却仍在轻轻晃动,表明她刚刚起身。树枝在微风中摇曳,雨水从屋檐滴落;屋外的树屋和室内的娃娃屋,仿佛唤起了曾在那里玩耍的孩子们的声音。阿尔瓦拉多的成就近乎泛灵论,将物品从生活的象征变成了活生生的东西本身,注入了与它们共同生活、照料它们的人的存在。

Among the most potent detonators of feeling are family photos, which Ena and Mamama peruse together and which Alvarado films with an original and obstinate eye for detail and fragmentation, capturing, in extreme closeups, the totemic intimacy that these pictures conjure for family members. The usual domestic collection of tchotchkes—a wall-rack menagerie of figurines that Mamama tends, religious statuettes on a stereo—gain extra poignancy from what Ena calls the house’s hidden disorder, the chaos within cabinets, closets, and drawers. The upside to that chaos is that it’s an accidental archive. Ena finds a long-ago letter to the Tooth Fairy, which she reads aloud to her grandmother. Another letter, a confessional and self-flagellating note from one of Ignacio’s brothers, is painful both in itself and because its discovery exposes the extent of Mamama’s memory loss.

最能引爆情感的,是家庭照片。埃娜和妈妈玛一起翻阅这些照片,阿尔瓦拉多则以一种新颖而执着的眼光,捕捉细节和碎片,用极端特写镜头,拍下了这些照片为家人唤起的、具有图腾般亲密感的东西。家里常见的那些小摆件——妈妈玛悉心照料的壁挂架上的一排小动物雕像,音响上的宗教小塑像——因为埃娜所说的房子里隐藏的混乱,即橱柜、壁橱和抽屉里的杂乱,而获得了额外的辛酸意味。这种混乱的好处在于,它是一个意外的档案库。埃娜发现了一封很久以前写给牙仙子的信,她大声读给祖母听。另一封信,是伊格纳西奥一个兄弟写的充满忏悔和自我鞭挞的便条,它本身就令人痛苦,而它的被发现,更暴露了妈妈玛记忆丧失的程度。

The objects come to life through their connection to the drama that unfolds around them; the most vital and powerful objects are books themselves, including the phantom 1912 volume that’s the movie’s McGuffin. Alvarado loves the look of books and of text, often filling the frame with pages that characters are reading. (It’s a pet peeve of mine that most movies in which characters are seen reading show nothing of what they’re reading.) When Ena visits the library to delve into Bolívar Coronado’s story, the camera lingers on photos of the writer and other literary figures; it shows what’s in the archived newspapers that Ena flips through and what’s on the microfilm she consults. Ena keeps a journal throughout, and it punctuates the movie by way of extreme closeups of key words in her own handwriting. The dialogue in the film is relaxed and concise, expressive in content and calm in tone, but its literary substance is dominant, whether in talk of Bolívar Coronado’s unusual career or in Ena’s recollection of a poem that her grandmother used to recite—and which the young woman exerts herself to find, learn, and restore to Mamama.

这些物品通过与围绕它们展开的戏剧的联系而活了起来;其中最富生命力、最强大的物品,就是书籍本身,包括那本作为电影麦高芬的、幽灵般的1912年卷册。阿尔瓦拉多热爱书籍和文字的样子,常常用角色正在阅读的书页填满整个画面。(我有个小烦恼,就是大多数电影里,角色在看书时,从不展示他们读的是什么内容。)当埃娜去图书馆深入研究玻利瓦尔·科罗纳多的故事时,镜头久久停留在那位作家和其他文学人物的照片上;它展示了埃娜翻阅的存档报纸上的内容,以及她查阅的微缩胶片上的信息。埃娜全程都在记日记,日记通过她亲笔写下的关键词的极端特写,贯穿并标记着整部电影。片中的对话轻松简洁,内容富有表现力,语气平静,但其文学实质占据主导地位,无论是谈论玻利瓦尔·科罗纳多不寻常的职业生涯,还是埃娜回忆起祖母过去常背诵的一首诗——这位年轻女子努力去寻找、学会这首诗,并重新读给妈妈玛听。

Much of the action involves father and daughter tightening their bond as they zip through the city on his scooter, visiting the city’s booksellers—not just stores but also tented outdoor stalls—in search of the elusive 1912 tome and visiting some of the city’s sights. In these sequences, as in walks through parks and Ena’s library visits, “Lost Chapters” creates a kind of urban chamber music, with intimate moments among small groups expressing intense pictorial fervor. Yet there’s a principle that Alvarado follows throughout, making sure that the active and exploratory father and daughter don’t overshadow Mamama. There’s a sort of equality in Alvarado’s editing, whereby, in most sequences, she takes care to show what all three of the family members are doing, along with the spaces and the objects they see. (There’s also the occasional sly wink at the dull ambience of political misrule, as when TV news about a coming storm is delivered by a colonel who runs the meteorology office.)

影片的许多情节,都围绕着父女俩骑着摩托车在城里穿梭,探访城里的书商——不仅是书店,还有搭着帐篷的户外书摊——寻找那本难以觅得的1912年著作,并游览城中一些景点。在这些段落中,如同在公园散步和埃娜的图书馆之行一样,《失落的章节》创造出一种都市室内乐,小群体间的亲密时刻,表达出强烈的画面热情。然而,阿尔瓦拉多始终遵循一个原则,确保活跃、充满探索精神的父女俩不会盖过妈妈玛的光芒。阿尔瓦拉多的剪辑中有一种平等性,在大多数段落里,她都细心地展示三位家庭成员各自在做什么,以及他们看到的空间和物品。(片中偶尔也会对政治失序的沉闷氛围投以狡黠的一瞥,比如电视上关于一场即将来临的风暴的新闻,是由管理气象局的一位上校发布的。)

In “Lost Chapters,” bright, airy images and dialogue of graceful candor animate dramas of inchoate ambition’s ardent awakening, of the quiet joy of reunions, of the bittersweet loam of family memory, and also capture the sociable, professional churn of the city. Alvarado’s unadorned lyricism subtly packs vast implications. Few movies prove with such decisive simplicity and clarity the nature of movie aesthetics, offer such proof in action of the defining qualities of the art—not showing and telling but listening, looking, and discovering. ♦

在《失落的章节》中,明亮通透的画面和优雅坦率的对话,激活了关于初萌抱负的热切觉醒、关于重逢的宁静喜悦、关于家庭记忆那苦乐参半的沃土的戏剧,也捕捉到了这座城市社交与职业的蓬勃脉动。阿尔瓦拉多不加修饰的抒情风格,微妙地承载着宏大的意涵。很少有电影能以如此果断的简洁和清晰,证明电影美学的本质,以行动如此有力地展示这门艺术的决定性特质——不是展示和讲述,而是倾听、观看和发现。 ♦

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