The Front Row

In “Disclosure Day,” Steven Spielberg Steps Out from Behind the Curtain

《披露日》:史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格从幕后走出
This tale of aliens on Earth and the coverup of their presence, starring Emily Blunt and Josh O’Connor, is a catalogue of the director’s obsessions, and a deeply personal vision.
这部讲述外星人降临地球及其踪迹被掩盖的故事,由艾米莉·布朗特和乔什·奥康纳主演,既是导演毕生执念的集大成之作,也是一幅极其私人的心灵图景。
Emily Blunt in a brown coat and Josh OConnor in a greenandblack jacket hold hands in front of many men in blue in a...
Photograph by Niko Tavernise / Courtesy Universal Pictures and Amblin Entertainment

In the run-up to the release of Steven Spielberg’s “Disclosure Day,” I felt a whiff of desperation in the air. The director, who is seventy-nine, had had two commercial flops in a row, “West Side Story” and “The Fabelmans.” He must have been beginning to wonder whether, if the new film proved to be another failure, he would still be able to command the ample budgets that his spectacular adventures require. After seeing the trailer for “Disclosure Day,” which advertised an alien-arrival story, I figured that Spielberg would be returning to familiar turf and serving up a crowd-pleasing intergalactic meatball. Instead, he bet big on a fundamental value that’s all the more crucial for being too rare in blockbusters: directorial delight. With “Disclosure Day,” he has delivered something akin to Martin Scorsese’s “The Irishman”: just as Scorsese’s mighty latter-year Mob drama is no mere retread of his earlier gangland forays but a comprehensive revision of them, so does Spielberg’s project boldly reconfigures outer-space tropes, and not just his own. The movie thrums with his excitement in bringing his own new perspective to the screen, and with the audiovisual verve that doing so inspired in him.

在史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格《披露日》上映前夕,我嗅到了一丝弥漫在空气中的焦灼。这位七十九岁的导演接连遭遇了《西区故事》和《造梦之家》两部商业失利。他一定开始担心,如果这部新片再次失败,他是否还能拿到那些宏大冒险所需的充裕预算。看完《披露日》的预告片——一部外星人到来的故事——我以为斯皮尔伯格会回到他熟悉的领地,端上一道取悦大众的星际肉丸。然而,他押注在了一个更为根本的价值上,这个价值在如今的大片里太过稀缺,因而愈发珍贵:导演的愉悦。凭借《披露日》,他交出了一部堪比马丁·斯科塞斯《爱尔兰人》的作品:正如斯科塞斯那部厚重的晚年黑帮史诗并非对他早期江湖探索的简单重复,而是一次全面重审,斯皮尔伯格这部作品也大胆地重新配置了外太空的叙事套路,而且不限于他自己的。整部电影都震颤着他的兴奋——将全新的视角搬上银幕的兴奋,以及由此激发出的视听活力。

There’s an intrinsic pleasure in seeing filmmakers grow both older and weirder, yielding to their personal idiosyncrasies and obsessions, taking wild chances in pursuit of their passions. Spielberg’s vision in “Disclosure Day” suggests audacity, even recklessness, two qualities that have often been wanting in his movies. There’s a sense of freedom, of a work pulled from deep within, that in some ways seems even more personal than the memoir-like “The Fabelmans.” This is one of the few films that Spielberg seems to have made without quite knowing what it would look like or how it would turn out. It contains a tangle of conflicting subplots and strange situations, somehow squeezed into a story that’s just coherent enough. There are some defects—including instances of garish taste, vain virtuosity, and a modicum of commercial calculation—but they don’t dispel the over-all sense of urgency and wonder.

看着电影人随着年岁增长,变得愈发古怪,屈从于个人的癖好与执念,为追逐激情而孤注一掷,这本身就蕴含着一种内在的愉悦。斯皮尔伯格在《披露日》中的构想,透着一股大胆,甚至可以说是鲁莽,这两种品质在他的电影里向来少见。片中能感受到一种自由,一种从内心深处挖掘出的东西,在某些方面,它甚至比自传体式的《造梦之家》更具私人性。这是斯皮尔伯格为数不多的、似乎在拍摄时并不完全清楚它会是什么样子、会走向何方的电影。它包含了一团相互冲突的支线和离奇情境,不知怎地被塞进了一个勉强连贯的故事里。影片存在一些缺陷——包括某些花哨的品味、徒劳的炫技,以及一丝商业算计——但它们并未驱散整体上那种紧迫感和惊奇感。

Josh O’Connor plays Daniel Kellner, a cybersecurity specialist with a stash of top-secret data on a collection of drives in a backpack. He’s about to pass off the goods to a clandestine contact—at a crowded pro-wrestling match—when, instead, he’s waylaid by paramilitary personnel and ordered to follow them if he wants to see his girlfriend, Jane Blankenship (Eve Hewson), alive again. The operatives take the drives and release Jane, who is bruised and bloodied. Then, rushing to Daniel’s side, she slips him a black, coffin-shaped stick that bestows fearsome powers on whoever grasps it. Daniel uses it to threaten the operatives, recover the backpack, and stage-manage their escape. The information, which Daniel was hired to protect but now wants to disclose, is footage providing conclusive evidence of the arrival of aliens on Earth, in 1947, and of a seventy-nine-year coverup, with government complicity, by a company called WARDEX, headed by Noah Scanlon (Colin Firth). Daniel is part of a well-organized group of former WARDEX employees, led by Hugo Wakefield (Colman Domingo), who’ve decided that, as Daniel says, “people have a right to know the truth.” Hugo dissuades him—for unstated reasons that eventually prove pivotal—from putting the material online. Instead, Daniel must evade capture by WARDEX and reach Hugo to deliver the batch of drives, and the information on them must then make it out to the world.

乔什·奥康纳饰演网络安全专家丹尼尔·凯尔纳,他背包里的一堆硬盘中存有绝密数据。他本打算在一场拥挤的职业摔跤比赛上,将这些东西交给一个秘密联络人,却被准军事人员半路拦截,并被告知,如果还想见到活着的女友简·布兰肯希普(伊芙·休森饰),就得跟他们走。特工们拿走了硬盘,释放了浑身是伤、血迹斑斑的简。随后,简冲到丹尼尔身边,悄悄塞给他一根黑色棺材形状的棍子,任何握住它的人都会被赋予可怕的力量。丹尼尔用它威胁特工,夺回背包,并策划了他们俩的逃脱。丹尼尔受雇保护这些信息,但现在却想将其公之于众。这些信息是一段影像,提供了外星人于1947年降临地球的确凿证据,以及一家名为沃德克斯(WARDEX)的公司,在政府共谋下,长达七十九年的掩盖行为。公司负责人是诺亚·斯坎伦(科林·费尔斯饰)。丹尼尔隶属于一个组织严密的前沃德克斯员工团体,由雨果·韦克菲尔德(科尔曼·多明戈饰)领导,他们认定,正如丹尼尔所说,“人们有权知道真相”。雨果劝阻了他——出于一些未明说但最终证明至关重要的理由——不要将材料放到网上。相反,丹尼尔必须躲避沃德克斯的追捕,找到雨果,交付这批硬盘,然后硬盘上的信息必须被公之于众。

This thriller-like story soon opens a new dimension with the introduction of Margaret Fairchild (Emily Blunt), a TV meteorologist in Kansas City, Missouri. One morning, a cardinal flies through the window of the apartment she shares with her boyfriend, Jackson (Wyatt Russell), and suddenly Margaret starts speaking Russian without realizing it. Just as suddenly, she has gained another strange power: stopped by a police officer for speeding, she looks him in the eye and reads his mind, stupefying him with talk of intimate secrets involving his wife. (Needless to say, she doesn’t get a ticket.) While on the air that morning, she interrupts her weather report with a seemingly incoherent skein of clicks and clucks; then she collapses. She’s taken to a hospital, where, outside the exam room, officials claiming to be from the F.B.I. are waiting for her. She looks one in the eye and realizes that they’re not from the government—she, too, is being hunted by WARDEX—and she drags Jackson out on a backdoor escape. In a car, as they make their getaway, she gets a call from Hugo ordering her to join up with Daniel. There’s something connecting Margaret and Daniel that, in Hugo’s mind, is as important as the disclosure of the alien files. Their connection turns out to be a mystery deeply woven into the fabric of the story, and its eventual revelation is so dramatic that it renders the alien disclosure itself nearly anticlimactic.

这个惊悚片式的故事,随着玛格丽特·费尔柴尔德(艾米莉·布朗特饰)的登场,很快打开了一个新的维度。她是密苏里州堪萨斯城的一名电视气象学家。一天早晨,一只北美红雀飞进她与男友杰克逊(怀亚特·拉塞尔饰)合住的公寓窗户,玛格丽特突然开始无意识地讲起俄语。同样突然地,她获得了另一种奇异的能力:因超速被警察拦下时,她直视他的眼睛,读取他的思想,用涉及他妻子的私密秘密把他惊得目瞪口呆。(不用说,她没有收到罚单。)那天早上直播时,她中断了天气预报,发出一连串看似语无伦次的咔哒声和咯咯声;然后她晕倒了。她被送往医院,在检查室外,一些自称是联邦调查局的人正等着她。她直视其中一人的眼睛,意识到他们并非政府人员——她,同样在被沃德克斯追捕——于是她拖着杰克逊从后门逃走。在逃亡的车上,她接到雨果的电话,命令她与丹尼尔会合。在雨果看来,玛格丽特和丹尼尔之间存在着某种联系,其重要性不亚于外星人档案的披露。他们之间的联系最终被证明是一个深深编织在故事肌理中的谜团,其最终的揭示如此戏剧化,以至于让外星人披露本身几乎显得像是反高潮。

“Disclosure Day” is unusual in this regard: it’s an extremely back-loaded film, in which the preordained happy ending—the success of the heroes, and the triumph over evil—takes surprising forms that surpass and expand the premise. Still, there’s plenty of extraordinary plotting early on, too, that foregrounds the strangeness of the heroes’ journeys. For instance, when Daniel and Jane go on the run, she chooses their initial hideout, a convent where, she reveals, she was once a novitiate. She has renounced her vows but not her faith, and at their next hideout, when Daniel explains his plan to disclose the files, she’s appalled: she thinks that many people, learning of extraterrestrials, “will stop believing in God” and start worshipping the aliens instead. Her faith soon becomes a principled bulwark, as, in an extraordinary twist (spoilers ahead), Noah uses one of the aliens’ sticklike devices as a jerry-rigged mind-control system, to attempt to turn Jane against Daniel. Noah conjures, in Jane’s mind, his own physical presence across a table from her, and he forces her to answer questions about Daniel. The scene plays like a meditation on torture and freedom, and on faith as a form of resistance in the face of seemingly absolute power.

《披露日》在这方面非同寻常:它是一部极度后置的电影,其中预设的幸福结局——英雄的成功,对邪恶的胜利——以令人惊讶的形式出现,超越并扩展了故事的前提。不过,影片早期也有大量非凡的情节设计,凸显了英雄们旅程的奇异之处。例如,当丹尼尔和简开始逃亡时,她选择了他们最初的藏身处——一座修道院,她透露自己曾在此做过初学生。她放弃了誓言,但没有放弃信仰。在他们的下一个藏身处,当丹尼尔解释他披露档案的计划时,她感到惊骇:她认为许多人得知外星人的存在后,“会停止信仰上帝”,转而崇拜外星人。她的信仰很快变成了一道原则性的壁垒,因为在一个非凡的转折中(以下有剧透),诺亚利用其中一根外星人的棍状装置,作为一个临时拼凑的精神控制系统,试图让简对抗丹尼尔。诺亚在简的脑海中幻化出自己坐在她对面的实体存在,强迫她回答关于丹尼尔的问题。这场戏像是对酷刑与自由、以及面对看似绝对的权力时,信仰作为一种抵抗形式的沉思。

Where Jane embodies the power of religious belief, Margaret is the incarnation of empathy: her mind-reading powers make her instantly aware of others’ emotional needs and desires. Not unlike Noah with his stick, she can also control the thoughts of others, using her presence to conjure their mental images of people of importance to them, alive or dead. Margaret deploys this power to find Daniel and to free him from Noah and the WARDEX minions—essentially, by stunning them emotionally. I watched in open-mouthed awe the scenes of these ruses. There is no technological wizardry involved, only a simple but mighty effect of film editing that could have been pulled off in the early silent era: the power of montage, a basic and defining element of movies. Coming from Spielberg, these scenes come across as a strange and mysterious form of self-interrogation. Margaret may be a supernaturally powerful empath, but she also suggests the looming possibilities of weaponized empathy: demagogy at a one-on-one level.

如果说简体现了宗教信仰的力量,那么玛格丽特就是同理心的化身:她的读心能力让她能立刻感知他人的情感需求和欲望。与拿着棍子的诺亚不无相似,她也能控制他人的思想,用自己的存在唤起他们心中对重要之人(无论生死)的精神影像。玛格丽特运用这种能力找到了丹尼尔,并将他从诺亚和沃德克斯手下手中解救出来——本质上,是通过在情感上震慑他们。我目瞪口呆地看着这些计谋的场景。其中不涉及任何技术魔法,只有一种简单却强大的电影剪辑效果,这种效果在默片早期就能实现:蒙太奇的力量,电影最基本和决定性的元素。出自斯皮尔伯格之手,这些场景像是一种对自我拷问的奇特而神秘的形式。玛格丽特或许是一个拥有超自然力量的强大共情者,但她也暗示了武器化同理心的潜在可能:一种一对一层面上的蛊惑人心。

Margaret is entirely aware of what she’s doing when she pulls off these empathetic maneuvers, but she remains oblivious to how she herself is being puppeteered—when she speaks Russian or Korean, when she clucks. There’s a link between these conscious and unconscious forms of mind control, and for Spielberg Margaret’s eventual coming to consciousness is a matter of fundamental morality. It’s also a self-regarding, self-challenging portrayal of his own art of moviemaking.

玛格丽特在施展这些共情策略时,完全清楚自己在做什么,但她对自己如何被操纵——当她讲俄语或韩语时,当她发出咯咯声时——却一无所知。这些有意识和无意识的精神控制形式之间存在着联系,而对斯皮尔伯格来说,玛格丽特最终的意识觉醒,是一个关乎根本道德的问题。这也是对他自身电影制作艺术的一种自我观照、自我挑战的描绘。

The workspace from which Hugo runs the liberation group bears a peculiar resemblance to a movie studio. The space is big, bare, and hangar-like, filled not with secret agents glued to monitors but with craftspeople putting up frames and walls for what looks like a set where a fictional scene would be filmed; Hugo indeed calls it a “staging area.” Throughout “Disclosure Day,” every glimpse of the workspace reveals that set in a more advanced state of construction, until its point is finally revealed: Margaret is brought, for a sort of regression, to visit a perfectly detailed replica of her childhood home—where, at the age of ten, she was, not to put too fine a point on it, captured by aliens. She has no memories from before that event, and she’s filled in the blank with guilt and regret. Her psychodramatic home tour is meant to restore her childhood to her—in other words, to restore her to herself.

雨果运作解放团体的工作空间,与电影制片厂有着奇特的相似之处。这个空间巨大、空旷,像飞机库,里面坐着的不是盯着监视器的秘密特工,而是工匠们正在搭建框架和墙壁,看起来像是在为一个虚构场景的拍摄搭建布景;雨果确实称其为“筹备区”。在整部《披露日》中,每次瞥见这个工作空间,都会发现那个布景处于更高级的建造阶段,直到其用途最终揭晓:玛格丽特被带来,进行一种类似回溯的体验,参观一个完美复刻的她童年故居——在那里,十岁的她,说得直白点,被外星人劫持了。她对那件事之前的事情毫无记忆,并用内疚和悔恨填补了这片空白。这场心理剧式的故居之旅,旨在将童年归还给她——换句话说,将她归还给她自己。

This conceit highlights the essential difference between Margaret’s powers and Daniel’s. Where she deals in feelings, he is a numbers guy—the noises that Margaret makes on TV are as clear as English to him, because he recognizes the sounds as eight-bit code. He is the master of the plot, the bearer of the backpack, the metteur en scène of the film’s titular disclosure day. Yet he’s unable to put his script into action without the aid of Margaret, the player of multiple roles, the master of guises—in movie terms, the actress, who is drastically transformed into characters radically different from herself and who, in turn, touches her spectators in the most vulnerable recesses of their souls. In Spielberg’s vision, Margaret is the performer who is required to give of herself, indeed too much of herself, for the needs of the overarching plot and the common good. It’s her vulnerability that, ethically, matters most.

这一构想凸显了玛格丽特与丹尼尔能力的本质区别。她处理的是情感,而他是个数字专家——玛格丽特在电视上发出的噪音,对他而言清晰如英语,因为他识别出这些声音是八位元代码。他是情节的掌控者,背包的携带者,是影片同名披露日的场面调度者。然而,没有玛格丽特的帮助,他无法将自己的剧本付诸行动。玛格丽特是多重角色的扮演者,伪装的大师——用电影术语来说,就是女演员,她剧烈地转变为与自己截然不同的角色,反过来,又触动了观众灵魂最脆弱的深处。在斯皮尔伯格的构想中,玛格丽特是那个被要求为整体情节和公共利益奉献自我,甚至奉献过多的表演者。从伦理上讲,最要紧的正是她的脆弱性。

The scene of Margaret’s self-confrontation is an extraordinary combination of exaltation and kitsch. Spielberg himself is palpably in the grip of its overwhelming emotional power, its combination of metaphysics and theatre. But he builds Margaret’s operatic transfiguration on a core of suburban sentimentality, and at times the schmaltz wins out. It reminded me of something I’ve long felt about Spielberg’s work, which is that his storytelling tends toward the cultural average, with representative types whose individuation is subordinated to the backstory-light and digression-free speed of his action. Sentimentality is approximation; Margaret’s regression slips “Disclosure Day” back into Spielberg’s comfort zone of a generic, all-too-familiar pop-culture past.

玛格丽特自我对峙的场景,是狂喜与刻奇的非凡结合。斯皮尔伯格本人显然被其压倒性的情感力量、那种形而上学与戏剧的结合所攫住。但他将玛格丽特歌剧般的蜕变建立在一个郊区感伤主义的内核之上,有时,这种煽情占了上风。这让我想起了我长期以来对斯皮尔伯格作品的感受,即他的叙事倾向于文化平均值,使用代表性类型,其个体化往往服从于他动作戏那种背景故事单薄、没有离题情节的速度。感伤主义是一种近似;玛格丽特的回溯将《披露日》滑回了斯皮尔伯格的舒适区,一个泛泛的、太过熟悉的流行文化过往。

There’s nonetheless a critical tweak built into the scene involving the uses of childhood sentimentality, and here, again, Spielberg suggests a self-awareness of the dangers of his practice, and the essential importance of having a virtuous idea system at the heart of such a drama. Margaret has effectively been the victim of a childhood trauma, albeit one that was ostensibly inflicted morally, for the planned benefit of all humanity. In Spielberg’s democratic vision, the benefit of humanity at large is impossible without the redemption of its victim zero. (The notion brings to mind a colossal precursor: the cosmic redemption of a woman named Margaret, in Goethe’s “Faust.”)

尽管如此,这个涉及童年感伤主义用途的场景中,还是内置了一个关键的调整,而在这里,斯皮尔伯格再次暗示了他对自己实践中危险的自知,以及在这种戏剧核心拥有一个道德观念体系的根本重要性。玛格丽特实际上是一场童年创伤的受害者,尽管这场创伤表面上是为了全人类的计划利益,以合乎道德的方式施加的。在斯皮尔伯格的民主构想中,没有对零号受害者的救赎,全人类的利益就不可能实现。(这个想法让人想起一个巨大的先例:歌德《浮士德》中,一位名叫玛格丽特的女子的宇宙性救赎。)

As astonishing as much of the movie is, it’s padded with sequences that seem contrived to sell its extravagant conceits. There’s even one high-stress scene, involving a train and a car (as in the primal scene from “The Fabelmans”), that plays the same role as the hilly chase in Paul Thomas Anderson’s “One Battle After Another”: to make a movie of emphatic ideological orientation play like an action film. A far more satisfying action scene takes place when Margaret, after the regression, finds a new form of principled power, laying a hand on one of the mighty sticklike devices and leading Hugo’s group in battle—now, with consciousness restored, doing so fully as herself. The resulting action makes delicious use of special effects to conjure a classic cinematic trope—invisibility—in a spectacular new form.

尽管这部电影大部分内容令人惊叹,但它也填充了一些看似刻意为之、旨在推销其奢侈构想的段落。甚至有一场高度紧张的场景,涉及火车和汽车(如同《造梦之家》中的原始场景),其作用与保罗·托马斯·安德森《一场又一场的战斗》中的山地追逐戏相同:让一部具有强烈意识形态导向的电影,看起来像一部动作片。一个远为令人满意的动作场景发生在玛格丽特回溯之后,她找到了一种新的、有原则的力量形式,将手放在一根强大的棍状装置上,带领雨果的团队投入战斗——这一次,意识恢复,完全以她自己的身份行事。由此产生的动作戏,巧妙地利用特效,以一种壮观的新形式,召唤出一个经典的电影套路——隐形。

Margaret’s leadership also makes possible the movie’s titular dénouement, the revelation of the footage that will offer the world proof of the presence of alien life. Spielberg has said that he has become certain of the existence of aliens, and that conviction marks the fundamental difference in tone between this new film and “Close Encounters of the Third Kind,” which never seems like anything but a vigorously developed fantasy. “Disclosure Day” has the overheated and hectic fervor of an ideological movie, like King Vidor’s 1949 adaptation of Ayn Rand’s “The Fountainhead”—which is why, in the realm of filmmakers’ later-career movies, it also resembles Francis Ford Coppola’s long-gestating, self-financed superproduction “Megalopolis,” from 2024. Ideology drives the story doubly as Jane overcomes her opposition to the disclosure after a cleverly scripted consultation with the convent’s Mother Superior (Elizabeth Marvel), who justifies alien presence via Biblical interpretation. (I was reminded of the venerable quip that classic-era Hollywood amounted to Jewish producers selling Catholic doctrine to Protestant audiences—and of the joke’s earnest artistic implications.)

玛格丽特的领导力也使得影片同名的结局成为可能,即揭示那些将向世界证明外星生命存在的影像。斯皮尔伯格曾表示,他已确信外星人的存在,这种确信标志着这部新片与《第三类接触》在基调上的根本区别,后者看起来始终不过是一部充满活力的幻想作品。《披露日》具有一部意识形态电影那种过热而狂热的激情,就像金·维多1949年改编自安·兰德《源泉》的电影——正因如此,在电影人晚期作品的领域里,它也与弗朗西斯·福特·科波拉酝酿已久、自筹资金的超级制作《大都会》(2024年)相似。意识形态双重驱动着故事:简在与修道院院长嬷嬷(伊丽莎白·马维尔饰)进行了一场巧妙编排的咨询后,克服了对披露的反对,院长嬷嬷通过圣经解读为外星人的存在提供了合理性。(这让我想起那个古老的俏皮话:经典好莱坞时代,就是犹太制片人向新教观众兜售天主教教义——以及这个笑话严肃的艺术内涵。)

For Spielberg, the long-delayed public revelation of alien life on Earth involves another personal ideal, his own version of cinematic utopia: the entire world watching the same thing at the same time. With the footage-within-a-film at the end of “Disclosure Day,” essentially a faux documentary of aliens, he dramatizes the world-commanding control of eyeballs. The vaunted ability of mass media to unify the globe here comes off as a benevolent form of tyranny, of a consensual unanimity in which the bearer of truth gains total attention, total acceptance, and total gratitude. Here, the director’s mask of benevolence, however sincere, feels thinner and more transparent than ever. “Disclosure Day” is ultimately a wild and wondrous fantasy of the will to power. The last word in the movie is, tellingly, the one with which parents admonish and command children: “Listen.” ♦

对斯皮尔伯格而言,拖延已久的外星生命公开揭示,涉及他个人的另一个理想,他自己版本的电影乌托邦:全世界在同一时间观看同一件事。通过《披露日》结尾的片中影像,本质上是一部关于外星人的伪纪录片,他戏剧化地展现了那种掌控世界的眼球支配力。大众媒体引以为傲的统一全球的能力,在这里表现为一种仁慈的专制形式,一种共识性的一致,其中真理的承载者获得了全部的注意力、全部的接纳和全部的感激。在这里,导演仁慈的面具,无论多么真诚,感觉比以往任何时候都更薄、更透明。《披露日》最终是一场关于权力意志的狂野而奇妙的幻想。意味深长的是,电影里的最后一个词,正是父母用来告诫和命令孩子的那一个:“听着。” ♦

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