Infinite Scroll

Graham Platner’s Very Online Undoing

格雷厄姆·普拉特纳的“重度上网”式陨落
He rose to prominence partly through selfie videos that allowed him to provide confessional-style, improvisational-seeming direct addresses to his base—and he ended his campaign with one, too.
他之所以声名鹊起,部分原因在于那些自拍视频,让他能以告解式的、看似即兴的方式向支持者直接喊话——而他结束竞选的方式,也是同样一段视频。
Illustration of a person standing on a podium
Illustration by Ariel Davis

Last week, Graham Platner announced his withdrawal from Maine’s race for U.S. Senate as any self-proclaimed regular person might: by recording a front-facing video with his smartphone and posting it to social media. He held the phone close enough to his face that you could make out the shallow lines on his forehead, the flecks of white in his mostly auburn beard. Two days earlier, Jenny Racicot, a woman who once dated Platner, had alleged, in an interview with Politico, that he had showed up drunk at her house, in late 2021, and raped her. Staring sternly into his phone camera, with a verdant, sun-streaked treescape behind him, Platner explained that he was suspending his campaign not because he’d done what he had been accused of—he insisted that it was not “an admission of guilt”—but because the baseless “attacks” against him were aiming “to take everything away from us,” namely the inroads his campaign had made for progressive politics in the state of Maine. He claimed, not for the first time, that he’d never harbored a “desire to run for office,” that he and his wife were “regular people” who had not been “looking for this experience.” He implored us, the viewers of his video, to consider what we would do if “large forces were working against you personally to accuse you of the worst thing that a person could do, and it was not remotely true.” Would we keep fighting in the face of such a “brutal political reality”?

上周,格雷厄姆·普拉特纳(Graham Platner)宣布退出缅因州联邦参议员竞选,方式与任何一个自称普通人的人无异:用智能手机录了一段前置镜头视频,发到社交媒体上。他把手机凑得离脸很近,近到你能看清他额头上浅浅的纹路,以及他那大部分为赤褐色的胡须中的点点白茬。两天前,曾与普拉特纳约会过的女子珍妮·拉西科特(Jenny Racicot)在接受《政客》(Politico)杂志采访时指控,2021年底,普拉特纳曾醉醺醺地出现在她家门口,并强奸了她。普拉特纳神情严肃地盯着手机摄像头,身后是一片阳光斑驳的翠绿树景,他解释说,自己暂停竞选,并非因为他做了被指控的事——他坚称这不是“认罪”——而是因为那些针对他的毫无根据的“攻击”,其目的是“夺走我们的一切”,也就是他的竞选为缅因州进步政治所开辟的道路。他并非第一次声称,自己从未有过“参选的渴望”,他和妻子只是“普通人”,并非“主动寻求这种经历”。他恳求我们这些视频的观看者想一想,如果“庞大的势力在针对你个人,指控你犯下了一个人所能做的最恶劣的事,而这完全不是真的”,我们会怎么做。面对如此“残酷的政治现实”,我们还会继续抗争吗?

Since entering Maine’s Democratic Senate race, last August, Platner has cast himself as a “random guy” with zero political ambition. He was living a quiet life as an oyster farmer in the small Down East town of Sullivan, when two political consultants and Democratic Socialists of America organizers—Daniel Moraff and Leanne Fan—reportedly showed up at his door and asked him if he’d be interested in running for U.S. Senate. Morris Katz, a top political strategist for Zohran Mamdani, also became involved, telling Platner, per the Times, that he was a potential “historical figure” who could be “leading a revolution” if he accepted the challenge and ran for office. Apparently, they’d seen a video of him on the internet talking about Norwegian salmon and knew he was “the one.”

自去年八月加入缅因州民主党参议员初选以来,普拉特纳一直把自己塑造成一个毫无政治野心的“路人甲”。他原本在缅因州东部小城沙利文过着平静的生活,是一名牡蛎养殖户。据称,两位政治顾问兼美国民主社会主义者组织(Democratic Socialists of America)的组织者——丹尼尔·莫拉夫(Daniel Moraff)和莉安·范(Leanne Fan)——找上门来,问他是否有兴趣竞选联邦参议员。据《纽约时报》报道,佐兰·马姆达尼(Zohran Mamdani)的顶级政治策略师莫里斯·卡茨(Morris Katz)也参与其中,他告诉普拉特纳,他有可能成为一位“历史性人物”,如果接受挑战并参选,就可能“领导一场革命”。显然,他们在网上看到了他谈论挪威三文鱼的视频,就知道他是“天选之人”。

Platner’s skepticism of the pitch only made him more closely resemble Plato’s ideal philosopher-king: the reluctant leader who had to be persuaded to take power for the good of the people. Platner suspected that the “corporate media system” and the “political establishment” would not welcome him—a kettlebell-swinging, gun-toting, callous-handed combat veteran and manual laborer—but he eventually decided to risk personal disparagement if it meant advancing the progressive platform he so vigorously championed: enacting universal health care, taxing billionaires, lowering housing costs. That establishment Democrats didn’t accept him made his candidacy even more appealing. A man of the people, a working-class hero, a diamond in the rough unearthed by political operatives riding the high of Mamdani’s rise—the narrative, in and of itself, was a winning strategy.

普拉特纳对这个提议的怀疑态度,反而让他更像柏拉图笔下的理想“哲人王”:一位为了人民福祉,必须被说服才肯掌权的不情愿的领袖。普拉特纳怀疑,“企业媒体系统”和“政治建制派”不会欢迎他——一个玩壶铃、持枪、双手长满老茧的退伍老兵和体力劳动者——但他最终决定,如果这意味着推进他极力倡导的进步纲领:实施全民医保、向亿万富翁征税、降低住房成本,他甘愿冒个人名誉受损的风险。建制派民主党人不接纳他,反而让他的候选人资格更具吸引力。一个人民之子,一个工人阶级英雄,一颗被马姆达尼崛起之势所鼓舞的政治操盘手发掘的璞玉——这个叙事本身,就是一种制胜策略。

In Maine, where I live, Platner generated swift and feverish support, the type of political enthusiasm that’s impossible to manufacture. Genuine excitement fomented among my milieu of twenty- and thirtysomethings—we finally had a guy we could throw our weight behind and organize around, someone who embodied the sort of uncompromising leftist politics that, just months before, had appeared unlikely to take hold in a state whose voters had elected Susan Collins, the Republican incumbent, to the U.S. Senate for five consecutive terms. Like much of New England, Maine has an independent-minded, anti-establishment electorate, with third-party candidates, Tea Party Republicans, and mildly progressive Democrats all achieving statewide electoral success over the past few decades. On the surface, Platner’s politics seemed like a non-starter for a Maine Senate candidate, and a prohibitive obstacle when courting the state’s rural, right-leaning voters. But his anti-establishment attitude and antagonistic relationship to power made his message resonate among unexpected populations, including the northern working-class demographics that have increasingly moved away from Democratic candidates in recent elections. Platner is fluent in the language of “freedom,” a word that goes a long way in Maine. (I grew up across the border, in New Hampshire, where the state motto, “Live Free or Die,” is a jingoistic, oft-evoked rallying cry.) The brand of freedom he presented, however, was not the libertarian ideal of uninhibited personal sovereignty but a more collective vision rooted in economic security, “the freedom to live lives with dignity and fulfillment, the freedom to not be ripped off by a for-profit health-care system, the freedom to have a roof over our heads that we own,” as he put it.

在我居住的缅因州,普拉特纳迅速获得了狂热的支持,那种政治热情是无法人为制造的。在我身边二三十岁的圈子里,真正的兴奋情绪在酝酿——我们终于有了一个可以全力支持、围绕他进行组织的人,一个体现了那种毫不妥协的左翼政治的人。就在几个月前,这种政治在一个连续五届选举都投票给共和党在任参议员苏珊·柯林斯(Susan Collins)的州,似乎还不太可能站稳脚跟。和新英格兰大部分地区一样,缅因州的选民具有独立思想和反建制倾向,过去几十年里,第三党候选人、茶党共和党人以及温和进步的民主党人都曾在全州范围的选举中获胜。表面上看,普拉特纳的政治立场对缅因州参议员候选人来说似乎毫无胜算,在争取该州农村、倾向右翼的选民时,更是一个难以逾越的障碍。但他反建制的态度和与权力的对抗关系,使他的信息在出人意料的群体中引起了共鸣,包括近年来在选举中日益远离民主党候选人的北部工人阶级。普拉特纳能娴熟地运用“自由”的语言,这个词在缅因州很有分量。(我在边境另一边的新罕布什尔州长大,那里的州训“不自由,毋宁死”是一句常被狂热引用的战斗口号。)然而,他所展现的自由品牌,并非自由意志主义那种不受约束的个人主权理想,而是一种植根于经济安全的、更具集体性的愿景,正如他所说,是“过上有尊严、有成就感的生活的自由,不被营利性医疗系统敲诈的自由,头顶有片属于自己屋檐的自由”。

Platner’s national profile grew when clips from his early town halls began circulating on social media. These short-form videos captured him as a hoop-earring-wearing populist with sun-worn skin and a roll-neck sweater, a guy next door who expressed the requisite anger about the country’s mass-deportation crisis and the genocide in Gaza. He is a theatrical, gravitational speaker, with a facility for channelling anger and discontent into forceful, emotionally rich rhetoric. His specific policy plans could be opaque, but his pathos was distinctive, his convictions bone-deep. (He’s said he viewed his campaign as a continuance of Bernie Sanders’s Presidential bids, in that it centered on “movement politics” and orchestrated “power through organizing.”) Unlike Mamdani, whom Platner has often been lazily compared to, and who wielded social media to novel and wildly fruitful ends, Platner is not as much of a digital native, and is a far less polished poster. During his campaign, he seemed most drawn to the front-facing-video format, whose intimacy mirrored his rustic persona and allowed him to provide confessional-style, improvisational-seeming direct addresses to his base. Whereas Mamdani’s social-media content appeared engineered by zippy creative directors and frequently crossed over into the realm of content-creation accounts and influencer TikToks, Platner’s campaign tailored his social posts to a more targeted audience: people who, like him, didn’t use the platforms for brand-building but as a way to share unvarnished ideas and interests, to “connect,” in the more originalist conception of the apps.

普拉特纳早期市政厅会议的视频片段开始在社交媒体上流传后,他的全国知名度也随之提升。这些短视频捕捉到他作为一个戴着圈形耳环、皮肤晒得黝黑、穿着卷领毛衣的民粹主义者形象,一个邻家男人,表达着对国家大规模驱逐危机和加沙种族灭绝应有的愤怒。他是一个富有戏剧性、充满吸引力的演讲者,善于将愤怒和不满转化为有力、情感充沛的言辞。他的具体政策计划可能模糊不清,但他的感染力独具特色,他的信念深入骨髓。(他曾说,他将自己的竞选视为伯尼·桑德斯总统竞选的延续,因为它以“运动政治”为核心,并通过组织来“凝聚力量”。)人们常常懒于区分地将普拉特纳与马姆达尼相提并论,后者将社交媒体运用到了新颖且极富成效的地步。但普拉特纳并非那么资深的数字原住民,发帖水平也远没有那么精良。在竞选期间,他似乎最钟情于前置镜头视频这种形式,其亲密感映衬了他质朴的个人形象,让他能以告解式的、看似即兴的方式向支持者直接喊话。如果说马姆达尼的社交媒体内容像是出自思维敏捷的创意总监之手,并经常跨界进入内容创作账号和网红TikTok的领域,那么普拉特纳的竞选活动则将其社交帖子定制给更精准的受众:那些和他一样,使用这些平台不是为了打造个人品牌,而是作为一种分享未经雕琢的想法和兴趣、“连接”彼此的方式——更符合这些应用最初的理念。

Platner’s lack of digital savviness had a dark side, of course. His old Reddit posts surfaced several months after he launched his campaign. The archive was mostly military-focussed—comments that discussed firearms and the intricacies of platoon life—but scattered throughout were homophobic comments and offensive slurs. His political outlook could be discerned from these posts, many of which seemed derived from left-wing political podcasts like “The Majority Report” and “Chapo Trap House.” Platner went on to film a video in which, positioned in front of a stack of empty lobster traps, he apologized for his insensitive language, claiming that it came from an “alienated” and “isolated” post-military temperament. These were intended as “stupid joke comments,” he said, designed to “get a rise out of people on the internet.” Even when, some time later, his account on the live-chatting platform Kik came to light, in which he reportedly sexted with women while married, the divulgence appeared more depressing than disqualifying—surely Platner could not have envisioned, in his past life as a “regular person” and a “random guy,” that a picture of him wrapped in a towel from the waist down would be plastered across the home pages of major media outlets.

当然,普拉特纳缺乏数字悟性也有其阴暗面。在他发起竞选几个月后,他过去的Reddit帖子被翻了出来。这些存档内容大多与军事有关——讨论枪支和排级生活细节的评论——但其中散落着恐同言论和冒犯性的侮辱词汇。从这些帖子中可以窥见他的政治观点,其中许多似乎源自“多数派报告”(The Majority Report)和“查波陷阱屋”(Chapo Trap House)等左翼政治播客。普拉特纳随后拍摄了一段视频,站在一堆空龙虾笼前,为自己那些麻木不仁的言论道歉,声称那源于退伍后一种“疏离”和“孤立”的心态。他说,那些本意是“愚蠢的玩笑评论”,旨在“在网上激怒别人”。即使后来,他在即时聊天平台Kik上的账户也被曝光,据称他在已婚状态下与女性发送色情短信,这一披露与其说让他失去资格,不如说更让人觉得可悲——普拉特纳过去作为“普通人”和“路人甲”时,肯定无法想象,一张他腰部以下裹着毛巾的照片会被贴在各大媒体的首页上。

These scandals—along with the revelation that Platner had drunkenly got a Nazi symbol tattooed on his chest, apparently thinking it was a standard skull-and-crossbones insignia—certainly dampened his otherwise surging momentum. But they also perversely deepened his veneer of authenticity. (In a video posted to Instagram, Platner apologized for the tattoo while standing in front of a barn, his sleeves rolled up and his hands tucked into his pockets.) When trying to explain these controversies, he characterized himself as a flawed man with a complicated past, someone who suffered from P.T.S.D. and stubborn masculine conditioning but who was doing the work and walking the righteous path toward redemption. He’d married, gone to therapy, and started a new career as an oysterman. Besides, part of his appeal relied on his craggy imperfections, his aesthetic and ethical opposition to his buttoned-up political contemporaries. Even when the Times published, several days before the June primary, the stories of three women who had dated Platner and claimed that he displayed “unsettling” and “aggressive” behavior at various points in their relationships, his campaign still managed not to crater. He apologized for past mistakes and poor behavior but denied claims of physical altercations or intimidations. He labelled one of his accusers a “politically motivated” Republican antagonist. Other women who had dated Platner offered their support for his character. He won the Democratic primary in a landslide.

这些丑闻——连同他被揭露曾在醉酒后在胸口纹了一个纳粹符号,显然他当时以为那是标准的骷髅图样——无疑挫伤了他原本汹涌的势头。但它们也以一种反常的方式,加深了他那层真实性的表象。(在Instagram上发布的一段视频中,普拉特纳站在一个谷仓前,袖子卷起,双手插在口袋里,为纹身道歉。)在试图解释这些争议时,他将自己描绘成一个有缺陷、有着复杂过往的人,一个患有创伤后应激障碍(P.T.S.D.)、受顽固的男性气概规训影响的人,但他正在努力,正走在通往救赎的正道上。他结了婚,接受了心理治疗,并开始了牡蛎养殖的新事业。况且,他的部分吸引力恰恰在于他那些粗粝的不完美,在于他审美和道德上与那些衣冠楚楚的政治同代人的对立。即使在六月党内初选前几天,《纽约时报》刊登了三名曾与普拉特纳约会过的女性的故事,她们声称普拉特纳在她们关系的不同阶段表现出“令人不安”和“具有攻击性”的行为,他的竞选活动仍然设法没有崩盘。他为过去的错误和不良行为道歉,但否认了肢体冲突或恐吓的指控。他将其中一名指控者称为“有政治动机”的共和党对手。其他曾与普拉特纳约会过的女性则对他的人品表示支持。他以压倒性优势赢得了民主党初选。

Racicot’s allegations made it difficult, if not impossible, to offer Platner any further grace. Her narrative of abuse is harrowing, and vivid—any denial of it scanned as delusional and self-protective. (Platner and his campaign described the allegations as being “coached and coordinated by out of state establishment operatives.”) A saturation point had been reached; it soon became clear that Platner’s days as the Party’s nominee were numbered. High-profile politicians, establishment and progressive alike, including Bernie Sanders and Elizabeth Warren, urged him to withdraw from the race before the statutory deadline. Left-wing internet personalities such as Hasan Piker, Mehdi Hasan, and Emma Vigeland also denounced Platner and called for him to drop out. Before any official announcement had been made, volunteers from his campaign lamented the inevitable end of his candidacy in a string of leaked Discord posts. “People can be flawed and become better, but hanging your movement on the coattails of somebody credibly accused of sexual assault is the exact thing we are trying to be better than,” one user wrote. “He is not coming back from this and we should find someone to carry on the ideals now.”

拉西科特的指控,使得再给予普拉特纳任何宽容变得困难,甚至不可能。她对虐待的叙述令人痛心,且细节生动——任何否认都显得像是妄想和自我辩护。(普拉特纳及其竞选团队称这些指控是“由州外建制派操盘手教唆和协调的”。)饱和点已经达到;很快,普拉特纳作为党内提名人的日子就屈指可数了。包括伯尼·桑德斯和伊丽莎白·沃伦在内的知名政治人物,无论是建制派还是进步派,都敦促他在法定期限前退出竞选。哈桑·皮克(Hasan Piker)、迈赫迪·哈桑(Mehdi Hasan)和艾玛·维格兰(Emma Vigeland)等左翼网络名人也谴责了普拉特纳,并呼吁他退选。在官方宣布之前,他竞选团队的志愿者就在一系列泄露的Discord帖子中哀叹他竞选之路不可避免的终结。一位用户写道:“人可以有缺点并变得更好,但把你的运动寄托在一个被可信地指控性侵的人身上,正是我们努力要超越的事情。他不可能从这件事中翻身了,我们现在应该找别人来继承这些理念。”

Many misguided assessments of Platner and the progressive movement have emerged in the week since he exited the race. Conservative pundits have giddily lambasted liberals for their hypocritical moral standards, painting Platner as a predator and a Nazi, using his downfall as a way to deflect criticism away from their own movement’s rampant misconduct and abuses of power. Establishment Democrats, too, are taking a victory lap, marrying Platner’s anti-establishment ethos with his personal transgressions. To hear them explain it, he’s a “dude-bro,” a leftist Trump, a “shameful catastrophe,” someone who cosplayed working-class aesthetics without any of the necessary experience or ethical standards. These characterizations—especially the comparison to Trump—seem reductive, at best: as Jon Allsop recently wrote, for The New Yorker, Platner, when speaking about his past transgressions, “has used a language of therapy, self-improvement, and belonging which is almost impossible to imagine coming out of Trump's mouth.”

在普拉特纳退选后的一周里,出现了许多对他和进步运动的错误评判。保守派评论员幸灾乐祸地抨击自由派虚伪的道德标准,将普拉特纳描绘成一个掠夺者和纳粹,利用他的垮台来转移人们对其自身运动中猖獗的不当行为和权力滥用的批评。建制派民主党人也在庆祝胜利,将普拉特纳的反建制精神与他的个人过失捆绑在一起。听他们的解释,他是个“哥们儿”(dude-bro),一个左翼的特朗普,一场“可耻的灾难”,一个角色扮演工人阶级审美却毫无必要经验或道德标准的人。这些描述——尤其是与特朗普的比较——往好了说也显得过于简化:正如乔恩·奥尔索普(Jon Allsop)最近在《纽约客》上所写,普拉特纳在谈及自己过去的过失时,“使用了一种关于疗愈、自我提升和归属感的语言,这几乎无法想象会从特朗普嘴里说出来。”

And yet, in his eleven-minute campaign-suspension video, Platner did not come across as the romantically earthy or sympathetically imperfect figure his supporters so badly wanted him to be. Instead, he possessed the desperate and agitated posture of someone backed into a corner. He did not apologize or take accountability; he attributed Racicot’s claims to a wider smear campaign. I struggled to watch the entire thing in one sitting, to endure the framing that “larger forces” had fabricated Racicot’s story and strategically planted it in the media with mere days left before the deadline for removing a candidate’s name from the general-election ballot. Throughout his campaign, one of Platner’s most compelling thematic frameworks was his erasure of self, his egoless subsumption into the working-class voting body he sought to represent. “The race has never been about me,” Platner said, in April. “It’s about a movement of working Mainers who are fed up with being robbed by billionaires and the politicians who own them.” In his drop-out video, as traffic whooshed in the distance, Platner evoked this message with dwindled enthusiasm. “My name might be on the ballot right now,” he said, “but that ballot line belongs to the people of Maine.” He was dropping out, he went on, but he was not admitting defeat. His face told a different story. ♦

然而,在他那段十一分钟的暂停竞选视频中,普拉特纳并未展现出他的支持者极度希望他成为的那种浪漫质朴或令人同情的、不完美的形象。相反,他呈现出一种被逼入绝境之人的绝望和焦躁姿态。他没有道歉,也没有承担责任;他将拉西科特的指控归咎于一场更广泛的抹黑运动。我很难一次看完整个视频,难以忍受那种“更大的势力”捏造了拉西科特的故事,并策略性地在距离将候选人名字从大选选票上移除的最后期限仅剩几天时,将其植入媒体的叙事框架。在他的整个竞选过程中,普拉特纳最引人注目的主题框架之一,就是他自我的消解,他无我地融入他所寻求代表的工人阶级选民群体之中。“这场竞选从来都不是关于我,”普拉特纳在四月份说,“它关乎一场由受够了被亿万富翁和其豢养的政客掠夺的缅因州劳动人民发起的运动。”在他的退选视频中,当远处的车流呼啸而过时,普拉特纳以日渐消退的热情重提了这一信息。“我的名字现在可能印在选票上,”他说,“但那条选票线属于缅因州人民。”他接着说,他正在退选,但他并非承认失败。他的脸却讲述了一个不同的故事。 ♦

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