The Lede

Donald Trump’s Election-Fraud Bait and Switch

特朗普的选举欺诈诱饵与调包计
The President promised “really, really big news” before his prime-time speech. But the declassified, heavily redacted documents he delivered felt more like Pam Bondi’s bogus Epstein binders than any true revelation.
总统承诺在黄金时段演讲前放出“真正重磅的消息”。但他公布的解密文件经过大量涂黑处理,与其说是真相揭露,不如说更像帕姆·邦迪(Pam Bondi)那套关于爱泼斯坦的虚假档案。
Donald Trump.
Photograph by Saul Loeb / Bloomberg / Getty

President Donald Trump wants Americans to be very afraid about the midterm elections, and for an obvious reason: he is very afraid about what the election results portend for his party’s control of Congress and, therefore, his Presidency. On Thursday, during a prime-time address, Trump served up a mishmash of purported reasons—recycled, overstated, and downright fantastical—to be doubtful about the reliability of the election results: hordes of noncitizens streaming to the polls; a meddling China seeking access to voter rolls; “shocking vulnerabilities in our election infrastructure”; ballots “floating aimlessly through the mail.” Trump’s stated ask was that viewers urge lawmakers to pass the voter-suppression legislation known as the SAVE America Act, which would require voters to prove citizenship to participate in federal elections, and would impose a nationwide photo-identification requirement.

唐纳德·特朗普总统想让美国人对中期选举感到极度恐惧,原因显而易见:他本人对选举结果可能预示的后果深感恐惧——这将影响共和党对国会的控制,进而威胁他的总统之位。周四黄金时段,特朗普发表讲话,抛出一堆所谓理由——翻来覆去的老调、夸大其词的说法、纯属臆想的编造——让人们怀疑选举结果的可靠性:大批非公民涌向投票站;中国暗中干预,试图获取选民名册;“我们的选举基础设施存在令人震惊的漏洞”;选票“在邮寄过程中漫无目的地漂流”。特朗普公开提出的要求是,观众应敦促议员通过名为《拯救美国法案》(SAVE America Act)的压制选民立法,该法案要求选民证明公民身份才能参加联邦选举,并在全国范围内强制实施带照片的身份证明要求。

But, as Trump well knows, the SAVE America Act is beyond saving, for the simple reason that the proposal lacks enough support among Republicans to pass the Senate. So Thursday night was not about one last legislative push; it was about setting the stage for Trump to claim, as he has for more than a decade now, that any election he fails to win—indeed, fails to win by a landslide—has been rigged against him.

但特朗普心知肚明,《拯救美国法案》已无药可救,原因很简单:该提案在共和党内部缺乏足够支持,无法在参议院通过。因此,周四晚上的讲话并非为了推动最后的立法努力,而是为特朗普搭建舞台,让他可以像过去十多年来那样宣称:任何他未能赢得的选举——确切地说,任何他未能以压倒性优势赢得的选举——都是被人做了手脚来对付他。

In part, that desperation may reflect his inability to accept the reality of defeat. The Presidential ego cannot tolerate the loser label, and he has surrounded himself with people who are willing to sustain his delusions. This week’s confirmation hearings for Cabinet nominees featured another dreary instance of a pick unwilling to state who won the 2020 election; this time, it was Trump’s choice for director of National Intelligence, Jay Clayton. Like others wary of incurring the President’s wrath, Clayton would provide only the standard, grudging minimum: “Joe Biden was certified as the President.” Pressing Clayton about this non-answer, Jon Ossoff, the Democratic senator from Georgia, asked him, “Isn’t it humiliating to be unable to answer this question? To have to indulge the President’s delusions?”

这种绝望情绪,部分或许反映了他无法接受失败的现实。总统的自尊心无法容忍失败者的标签,而他身边围绕着一群愿意维系他妄想的人。本周的内阁提名人确认听证会上,再次出现了令人沮丧的一幕:一位提名人拒绝说出谁赢得了2020年大选;这次是特朗普提名的国家情报总监人选杰伊·克莱顿(Jay Clayton)。与其他害怕触怒总统的人一样,克莱顿只给出了标准而勉强的底线回答:“乔·拜登被认证为总统。”佐治亚州民主党参议员乔恩·奥索夫(Jon Ossoff)就这一回避性回答追问克莱顿:“连这个问题都回答不了,难道不觉得丢脸吗?不得不迁就总统的妄想,这难道不丢脸吗?”

But it is not unreasonable to worry that something more dangerous than soothing Trump’s ego may be in the works here. “I’m not an alarmist,” Representative Jim Himes, the ranking member of the House Intelligence Committee, told MS NOW’s Lawrence O’Donnell shortly after Trump concluded his remarks. “But understand what happened tonight. The President was setting the context—he was setting the basis for him to turn around at midnight on Election Day and say, ‘I warned you.’ ” Himes raised the spectre of Trump’s deploying Homeland Security officials to seize ballot boxes in key states, claiming a crisis of voting by noncitizens. “That is the moment in which American democracy dies,” Himes said.

但有理由担心,这里正在酝酿的事情,可能比安抚特朗普的自尊心更加危险。“我不是危言耸听的人,”众议院情报委员会资深成员吉姆·海姆斯(Jim Himes)在特朗普结束讲话后不久对MS NOW的劳伦斯·奥唐纳(Lawrence O'Donnell)说。“但要明白今晚发生了什么。总统正在设定语境——他在为自己在选举日午夜转身说'我警告过你们'奠定基础。”海姆斯提出了一个令人不安的设想:特朗普可能以非公民投票危机为由,部署国土安全部官员在关键州扣押投票箱。“那一刻,就是美国民主死亡之时,”海姆斯说。

Trump’s twenty-five-minute address, delivered from the East Room, had the self-congratulatory air of a State of the Union speech without the accompanying props—cheering lawmakers, unsmiling Justices, celebrity guests. Before launching into his jeremiad about “an election system so broken and so vulnerable that no one can possibly defend it,” Trump praised himself for creating his namesake investment accounts, for lowering prescription-drug prices (TrumpRx), for cutting crime, for a soaring stock market. “Two years ago, our country was dead,” he proclaimed. “Now we are the hottest country anywhere in the world.”

特朗普在东厅发表的二十五分钟讲话,带着国情咨文式的自我吹嘘腔调,只是少了那些配套道具——欢呼的议员、面无表情的大法官、名人嘉宾。在开始他对“一个如此破碎、如此脆弱、无人能为之辩护的选举制度”的悲叹之前,特朗普先夸耀自己创建了以他命名的投资账户,降低了处方药价格(TrumpRx),减少了犯罪,让股市飙升。“两年前,我们的国家已经死了,”他宣称。“现在我们是全世界最炙手可热的国家。”

Voters, it appears, have a more dyspeptic view; a Washington Post-Ipsos poll published earlier in the day found the President’s approval rating to be floundering at thirty-seven per cent, where it was in April. More alarming for Trump, the poll suggested a weakening of his base; just fifteen per cent, a new low, said they “approve strongly” of his performance. And, while Trump asserted that the United States is “winning big in Iran,” poll respondents begged to differ, with only twenty-nine per cent approving of his conduct of the war. Trump’s rating on his handling of the economy was not much better, at thirty-three per cent.

选民似乎有更悲观的看法;当天早些时候公布的《华盛顿邮报》与益普索联合民调显示,总统的支持率在百分之三十七的低位挣扎,与四月份持平。对特朗普来说更令人警惕的是,民调显示他的基本盘正在削弱;仅百分之十五的受访者表示“强烈认可”他的表现,创下新低。而且,尽管特朗普声称美国“在伊朗大获全胜”,民调受访者却不敢苟同,只有百分之二十九的人认可他处理战争的方式。特朗普在经济治理方面的支持率也好不到哪里去,为百分之三十三。

Those anemic numbers help explain the President’s mania for changing the subject to election fraud—laying the groundwork to explain away any losses in November, or, worse, something closer to what Himes warned about. In advance of the speech, Trump had touted “really, really big news.” The White House press secretary, Karoline Leavitt, back from her maternity leave, teased that the findings “will shock you.” And yet the supposed revelations—padded by newly declassified, if still heavily redacted, documents—were far less explosive than Trump claimed. The bait and switch was less surprising than it was reminiscent of former Attorney General Pam Bondi’s bogus binders full of recycled material about Jeffrey Epstein.

这些惨淡的数字有助于解释总统为何狂热地将话题转向选举欺诈——为解释十一月的任何失利铺路,或者更糟,为海姆斯所警告的那种情形做准备。在演讲之前,特朗普曾大肆宣扬有“真正、真正重磅的消息”。休完产假归来的白宫新闻秘书卡罗琳·莱维特(Karoline Leavitt)也吊人胃口,称这些发现“会让你震惊”。然而,这些所谓的爆料——由新解密但仍被大量涂黑的文件充数——远没有特朗普声称的那样具有爆炸性。这场诱饵与调包计并不令人意外,反而让人想起前司法部长帕姆·邦迪那套关于杰弗里·爱泼斯坦的虚假档案,里面塞满了回收利用的材料。

Trump accused China of “the largest compromise of election data in history, resulting in China’s illicit acquisition of two hundred and twenty million U.S. voter files,” which he called an “unprecedented election-security nightmare.” He failed to mention that these voter files are often publicly available, that China’s gathering of this data has long been known (the information was presented to Trump before he left office), and that, most important, there is an absence of any evidence of tampering with the actual election results, by China or any foreign actor. An April, 2020, redacted assessment by the National Intelligence Council concluded that “Chinese intelligence officials analyzed multiple US states’ election voter registration data,” but did so in order “to conduct public opinion analysis on the 2020 US general election,” not to change the outcome. A 2021 analysis of foreign threats to the election, prepared during the Trump Administration and declassified after he left office, found “no indications that any foreign actor attempted to alter any technical aspect of the voting process in the 2020 US elections, including voter registration, casting ballots, vote tabulation, or reporting results.” China, it said, “considered but did not deploy influence efforts intended to change the outcome of the US Presidential election.”

特朗普指责中国制造了“史上最大规模的选举数据泄露事件,导致中国非法获取两亿两千万份美国选民档案”,他称之为“前所未有的选举安全噩梦”。他没有提及的是,这些选民档案往往是公开可得的,中国收集这些数据早已为人所知(这些信息在特朗普离任前就已呈报给他),而最重要的是,没有任何证据表明中国或任何外国行为体篡改了实际选举结果。国家情报委员会2020年4月的一份经涂黑处理的评估报告得出结论:“中国情报官员分析了美国多个州的选举选民登记数据”,但目的是“对2020年美国大选进行舆论分析”,而非改变选举结果。2021年一份关于外国对选举威胁的分析报告——在特朗普政府任内编写、在他离任后解密——发现“没有迹象表明任何外国行为体试图改变2020年美国选举投票过程的任何技术环节,包括选民登记、投票、计票或报告结果”。报告称,中国“考虑过但并未部署旨在改变美国总统选举结果的影响力行动”。

Trump said a “stunning investigation by the Department of Homeland Security” had uncovered approximately two hundred and seventy-eight thousand noncitizens registered to vote, largely in four states. The methodology of this tally is disputed, but, more to the point, and unmentioned by Trump, the evidence of noncitizens actually voting is minimal. A February, 2026, analysis by the Bipartisan Policy Center found that “noncitizen registration is already rare, and noncitizen voting is even less common.” The group found that, in many cases of supposed registration by noncitizens, “further review shows the individual is in fact a citizen, and they were only flagged due to clerical errors or outdated records.” As to noncitizens casting ballots, the conservative Heritage Foundation uncovered only seventy-seven instances of noncitizen voting between 1999 and 2023.

特朗普说,“国土安全部一项令人震惊的调查”发现约有二十七万八千名非公民登记投票,主要集中在四个州。这一统计的方法论存在争议,但更关键且特朗普未提及的是,非公民实际投票的证据微乎其微。两党政策中心2026年2月的一项分析发现,“非公民登记本已罕见,非公民投票则更为少见。”该组织发现,在许多所谓非公民登记的案例中,“进一步审查显示当事人实际上是公民,他们被标记仅仅是因为文书错误或过时的记录。”至于非公民投票,保守派传统基金会仅在1999年至2023年间发现了七十七起非公民投票的实例。

One of the weirder turns in Trump’s speech was his claim that he had been misled about election interference, during his first term, by his own intelligence community, “members of the deep state” who “worked to actively suppress and downplay information about the extent of China’s sinister election meddling, covering it up from both the President and the American people, like nobody thought was possible.” Officials “responsible for sounding the alarm” about China’s acquisition of voter data, Trump said, “instead kept the information secret and hidden. They did not disclose to me as President or to anyone else.” One e-mail, he said, showed that intelligence analysts “deliberately massaged the Presidential daily briefing to withhold information regarding Chinese activities related to the election.” The e-mail in question, from November 20, 2020, outlined something less than a grand conspiracy. It stated, “We have deliberately massaged our one pending PDB to avoid any direct links to the election.” Even assuming the most malign interpretation of that e-mail, the notion that Trump was the victim of his own intelligence community is a strange claim, given that his then director of National Intelligence, John Ratcliffe, under whose purview the President’s Daily Brief fell, now serves as his C.I.A. director. The declassified documents show a roiling debate within the intelligence community over China’s interest in influencing the election, with a minority saying that the matter should be taken more seriously. They fall short of proving Trump’s claims of a deep-state coverup.

特朗普演讲中一个较为离奇的转折是,他声称自己在第一任期内被自己的情报界误导了,“深层政府的成员”“积极压制和淡化有关中国邪恶选举干预程度的信息,对总统和美国人民隐瞒,其程度超乎任何人的想象。”特朗普说,“负责就”中国获取选民数据“发出警报的官员,反而将信息保密并隐藏起来。他们没有向我这位总统或任何其他人披露。”他说,一封电子邮件显示,情报分析人员“刻意调整了总统每日简报,以隐瞒与中国选举相关活动有关的信息”。这封2020年11月20日的邮件所勾勒的,并非什么惊天阴谋。邮件中写道:“我们刻意调整了我们那份待处理的总统每日简报,以避免任何与选举的直接关联。”即便对这封邮件做最恶意的解读,特朗普是自己情报界受害者的说法也是一个奇怪的论调,因为他当时领导国家情报总监办公室、负责总统每日简报的约翰·拉特克利夫(John Ratcliffe),如今正担任他的中央情报局局长。解密的文件显示,情报界内部就中国影响选举的意图存在激烈争论,少数人认为此事应得到更严肃的对待。这些文件远不足以证明特朗普关于深层政府掩盖真相的说法。

We know Trump’s modus operandi for defusing and discrediting problematic information and outcomes, because he has told us. After the 2016 election, Lesley Stahl, of CBS News, asked him why he persisted in attacking journalists. Stahl relayed what Trump had told her: “You know why I do it? I do it to discredit you all and demean you all, so that, when you write negative stories about me, no one will believe you.” Trump is up to the same trick here. The more he plants the seed of an unreliable election system, the better he can respond if the outcome does not go his way. The intelligence community’s 2021 foreign-threats assessment called out this tactic—foreign countries that spread “false or inflated claims about alleged compromises of voting systems to undermine public confidence in election processes and results.” Speaking on CNN after the speech, Sue Gordon, the Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence during Trump’s first term, said that his speech “does the work of our adversaries,” and added, “They don’t have to interfere. They just have to convince us to not trust our democracy.” As Trump has demonstrated for years now, and as he put on vivid display Thursday, the more dangerous threat is coming from within. ♦

我们知道特朗普消解和抹黑不利信息与结果的操作手法,因为他自己告诉过我们。2016年大选后,哥伦比亚广播公司新闻的莱斯利·斯塔尔(Lesley Stahl)问他为何持续攻击记者。斯塔尔转述了特朗普对她说的话:“你知道我为什么这么做吗?我这么做是为了抹黑你们所有人,贬低你们所有人,这样当你们写关于我的负面报道时,没人会相信你们。”特朗普在这里故技重施。他越是播下选举制度不可靠的种子,当结果不如他意时,他就越能从容应对。情报界2021年的外国威胁评估报告指出了这一策略——外国散布“关于投票系统据称遭入侵的虚假或夸大说法,以破坏公众对选举过程和结果的信心”。曾在特朗普第一任期担任国家情报首席副总监的苏·戈登(Sue Gordon)在演讲后接受CNN采访时说,他的讲话“正中我们对手的下怀”,并补充道:“他们无需干预。他们只需说服我们不信任自己的民主即可。”正如特朗普多年来所证明的,以及他周四生动展示的那样,更危险的威胁来自内部。 ♦

2 free previews left — register to get 30 translations a month