The New Yorker Interview

David Wain’s Wet Hot American Comedy

大卫·韦恩的《湿热的美国喜剧》
The comedian and director talks about the State, making his first film in eight years, and the challenges of creating original comedy in Hollywood’s bleak landscape.
这位喜剧演员兼导演谈到了“The State”剧团、他八年来首部电影的创作,以及在好莱坞惨淡景象中打造原创喜剧的挑战。
David Wain seated.
Photograph by Sela Shiloni

It’s possible to see David Wain’s career as a skeleton key for the past thirty years of comedy. In the nineties, he was part of the State, an eleven-member troupe that formed at N.Y.U. in 1988 and had its own antic sketch show on MTV from 1994 to 1995. With its dumb-smart, self-conscious brand of anti-comedy, the eponymous show was a Gen X answer to “Saturday Night Live”—and MTV’s attempt to bottle coolness through humor the way it had with music videos. In the two-thousands, after the State disintegrated, Wain and two other members, Michael Showalter and Michael Ian Black, formed the trio Stella, which helped define New York’s downtown alt-comedy scene. He also directed the 2001 cult movie “Wet Hot American Summer” (co-written with Showalter), whose jam-packed ensemble included such rising stars as Amy Poehler, Bradley Cooper, and Elizabeth Banks. (It returns to theatres this August, for its twenty-fifth anniversary.) By 2008, riding the Hollywood comedy boom launched by Judd Apatow, Wain was directing goofy, celebrity-driven studio features such as “Role Models,” starring Paul Rudd and Seann William Scott as a pair of energy-drink salesmen forced into mentoring kids as community service. In the twenty-teens, Wain turned to Netflix, which had emerged as the latest home for offbeat humor, and made two “Wet Hot” reunion series and the film “A Futile and Stupid Gesture,” about the rise and fall of “National Lampoon.”

我们可以将大卫·韦恩(David Wain)的职业生涯视为一把解读过去三十年喜剧的万能钥匙。九十年代,他是“The State”的一员,这个十一人剧团于1988年在纽约大学成立,并于1994年至1995年在MTV台推出了自己荒诞不经的小品秀。这档同名节目以其愚中带智、充满自觉的反喜剧风格,成为X世代对《周六夜现场》的回应——也是MTV试图通过幽默来捕捉酷感,就像它当年通过音乐录影带所做的那样。进入新千年,“The State”解散后,韦恩与另外两位成员迈克尔·肖沃特(Michael Showalter)和迈克尔·伊恩·布莱克(Michael Ian Black)组成了三人组“Stella”,帮助定义了纽约市中心的另类喜剧场景。他还执导了2001年的邪典电影《湿热的美国夏天》(与肖沃特合编),其阵容星光熠熠,包括艾米·波勒(Amy Poehler)、布莱德利·库珀(Bradley Cooper)和伊丽莎白·班克斯(Elizabeth Banks)等冉冉升起的新星。(今年八月,该片将迎来上映二十五周年,重返影院。)到2008年,借着贾德·阿帕图(Judd Apatow)掀起的好莱坞喜剧热潮,韦恩开始执导由明星驱动的傻气制片厂电影,比如《模范贱兄弟》,由保罗·路德(Paul Rudd)和西恩·威廉·斯科特(Seann William Scott)主演,饰演一对被迫做社区服务、去辅导小孩的能量饮料销售员。在2010年代,韦恩转向了Netflix,这个平台已成为另类幽默的最新阵地,他制作了两部《湿热的美国夏天》重聚剧集,以及讲述《国家讽刺》杂志兴衰的电影《徒劳而愚蠢的姿态》。

What’s the status of comedy in Hollywood today? One sign may be that Wain’s first film in eight years, “Gail Daughtry and the Celebrity Sex Pass,” was made independently and premièred at Sundance, then was acquired by Sony Pictures Classics, which will release it in theatres this week. Co-written by Wain and his longtime collaborator Ken Marino (another State alum), the movie stars Zoey Deutch as Gail, a small-town Kansas sweetheart whose fiancé unexpectedly cashes in on his “celebrity sex pass”—the famous person that your partner is allowed to cheat on you with in the extremely unlikely event that they meet. Furious, Gail travels to Hollywood to pursue her own fantasy lay, Jon Hamm. Her quest closely parallels “The Wizard of Oz,” complete with a trio of new friends (including John Slattery, as a cowardly version of himself), a wicked mafiosa (Sabrina Impacciatore, of “The White Lotus”), and a hot-air balloon. Despite a starry cast, including Hamm, Jennifer Aniston, and “Weird Al” Yankovic, “Gail Daughtry” is an underdog in a Hollywood that seems to think that comedy is only meant for movie theatres when it’s a sequel or reboot (“The Naked Gun,” “The Devil Wears Prada 2”) or enacted by superheroes (“Supergirl,” “Deadpool & Wolverine”).

如今好莱坞的喜剧状况如何?一个迹象可能是,韦恩八年来执导的首部电影《盖尔·多尔蒂与名人通行证》是独立制作的,在圣丹斯电影节首映,随后被索尼经典影业买下,并于本周在影院上映。这部电影由韦恩和他的长期合作者肯·马里诺(Ken Marino,也是“The State”的校友)共同编剧,佐伊·达奇(Zoey Deutch)饰演盖尔,一个来自堪萨斯小镇的甜心,她的未婚夫意外地兑现了他的“名人通行证”——即在极不可能相遇的情况下,你的伴侣被允许与之出轨的名人。愤怒的盖尔前往好莱坞,追求她自己的幻想床伴乔恩·哈姆(Jon Hamm)。她的探寻与《绿野仙踪》紧密呼应,包括三位新朋友(其中有约翰·斯拉特里(John Slattery),饰演一个懦弱版的自己)、一个邪恶的黑手党女头目(《白莲花度假村》的萨布丽娜·因帕恰托雷(Sabrina Impacciatore)),以及一个热气球。尽管演员阵容星光熠熠,包括哈姆、詹妮弗·安妮斯顿(Jennifer Aniston)和“怪人奥尔”扬科维奇(“Weird Al” Yankovic),但在当今的好莱坞,《盖尔·多尔蒂》仍是一部弱势的逆袭之作。这个时代的好莱坞似乎认为,喜剧只有在作为续集或重启(如《白头神探》、《穿普拉达的女王2》)或由超级英雄演绎(如《超级少女》、《死侍与金刚狼》)时,才适合进入影院。

I was curious to talk with Wain about making original comedy in this bleak landscape. At fifty-six, he has the same nerdy deadpan familiar to State fans. Throughout his career, he’s found outlets for his absurdist sensibility, whether or not a Hollywood studio is handing him money. When short-form web series cropped up, he created and starred in “Wainy Days,” a fictional chronicle of his dating misadventures. During the pandemic, he and Marino formed a garage band that became the Middle Aged Dad Jam Band. Wain joined me from his home office in Los Angeles. “It’s not super fancy,” he admitted, adding, “I’m very grateful for it, because I have worked in much lesser places over the years. I’ve worked in rented closets and very tiny little office spaces or in my bedroom.” Our conversation has been edited and condensed.

我很好奇,想和韦恩聊聊在这片惨淡景象中创作原创喜剧的经历。现年五十六岁的他,依然带着“The State”粉丝们所熟悉的那种书呆子式的冷面滑稽。在他的职业生涯中,无论好莱坞制片厂是否给他钱,他总能为自己荒诞主义的感受力找到出口。当短篇网络剧兴起时,他创作并主演了《韦恩的日子》,一部虚构的关于他约会事故的编年史。疫情期间,他和马里诺组建了一个车库乐队,后来发展成了“中年老爸即兴乐队”。韦恩在他洛杉矶的家庭办公室接受我的采访。“这儿没那么豪华,”他承认,并补充道,“我非常感激能有这么个地方,因为这些年来我在差得多的地方工作过。我在租来的壁橱里、非常小的办公空间里,或者在我的卧室里工作过。”我们的对话经过了编辑和精简。

There are two ways to describe what “Gail Daughtry and the Celebrity Sex Pass” is about. One is, What if someone actually tried to use their celebrity sex pass? The other is a parody of “The Wizard of Oz.” Which came first?

描述《盖尔·多尔蒂与名人通行证》的内容有两种方式。一种是,如果有人真的想使用他们的名人通行证会怎样?另一种是对《绿野仙踪》的戏仿。哪个想法先出现?

Definitely the former. Adapting the broad strokes of “The Wizard of Oz” as a template was kind of our second step. The first was this idea of a celebrity pass and where might that go, and how might that bring us into this fun, whimsical version of Hollywood.

绝对是前者。将《绿野仙踪》的大致情节作为模板来改编,算是我们的第二步。第一步是这个名人通行证的点子,以及它会导向何方,它如何把我们带入这个有趣、异想天开的好莱坞版本。

The whole script revolves around the pursuit of Jon Hamm. Was he always the celebrity it was going to be?

整个剧本都围绕着对乔恩·哈姆的追寻展开。他一直就是那个被选定的名人吗?

We worked on various versions of this for a long time, but once we got to the point of actually making the movie we realized that the convergence of Jon Hamm’s image in the world and also him being so incredibly funny—plus somebody we know and have worked with before [on “Wet Hot American Summer: First Day of Camp”]—and the pairing with John Slattery, who also has all those same traits, and then the way that they’re perceived as a pairing on “Mad Men.” It just felt, like, you can’t do better. So we wrote it for them and then prayed that they would like it when we sent it to them. We did not, admittedly, have a massive Plan B.

我们为这个剧本的各种版本打磨了很长时间,但当我们真正到了要拍电影的时候,我们意识到,乔恩·哈姆在世的公众形象与他本人如此搞笑的特质——加上他是我们认识并曾合作过的人(在《湿热的美国夏天:夏令营第一天》)——以及他与约翰·斯拉特里的配对,斯拉特里也拥有所有这些特质,再加上他们在《广告狂人》中被视为一对组合的方式,这一切的汇聚,让我们觉得,你找不到更好的选择了。所以我们为他们量身写了这个剧本,然后祈祷他们收到剧本后会喜欢。我们承认,我们并没有一个庞大的B计划。

How did that work, getting them to both be in it?

让他们俩都参演,这是怎么做到的?

I called up Jon Hamm and said, “Hey, I’m going to send you this thing. No expectation that you’ll like it, but we hope you do.” And I said the same thing to John Slattery. They both quickly were, like, Let’s do it!

我打电话给乔恩·哈姆说:“嘿,我要发给你个东西。不指望你会喜欢,但我们希望你喜欢。”我对约翰·斯拉特里也说了同样的话。他们俩很快就表示,咱们拍吧!

It’s funny to see Jennifer Aniston in this movie—she’s someone you worked with, too, on “Wanderlust”—in part because there’s a “Friends” episode involving a celebrity sex pass and Isabella Rossellini.

在这部电影里看到詹妮弗·安妮斯顿挺有趣的——她也是你在《漫游》里合作过的人——部分原因是《老友记》里有一集就涉及名人通行证和伊莎贝拉·罗西里尼(Isabella Rossellini)。

I honestly didn’t remember that until you said it now.

说实话,在你现在提起之前,我完全不记得那集了。

Oh. Well, she’s dating Ross, and they make a list of five celebrities that they can sleep with, but Ross takes Isabella Rossellini off at the last minute. Then she walks into the coffee shop, and he tries to hit on her, but she’s no longer on the list.

哦。好吧,她那会儿在和罗斯约会,他们列了一个可以上床的五个名人名单,但罗斯在最后一刻把伊莎贝拉·罗西里尼划掉了。然后她走进了咖啡店,他试图去搭讪她,但她已经不在名单上了。

Oh, that’s so funny. I had no idea.

哦,那太搞笑了。我完全不知道。

Well, anyway. You said that you and Ken started with the idea of the celebrity sex pass. Do you have thoughts on those in general? Have you ever had one?

好吧,不管怎样。你说你和肯是从名人通行证这个点子开始的。你对这类事情有什么看法吗?你曾经有过吗?

I don’t recall having one. But I don’t think any couple who does it is serious. It’s a way to have a funny conversation about what you like or don’t like. But I don’t think it’s ever actually a real thing, which is the whole point of this movie.

我不记得有过。但我觉得任何这么做的情侣都不是认真的。这是一种进行有趣对话的方式,聊聊你喜欢或不喜欢什么。但我不认为这会是真事儿,而这正是这部电影的全部意义所在。

You seem to have a kind of dial you can turn, from heightened comedy that’s realistic, something like “Role Models”—unlikely to happen in real life, but it could—to complete fantastical absurdity, like this movie. “Wet Hot American Summer” is somewhere in between. The summer-camp characters are of this earth, but then there’s the scene where they go into town and do hard drugs out of nowhere.

你似乎有一个可以调节的旋钮,从贴近现实但经过强化的喜剧,比如《模范贱兄弟》——不太可能在现实中发生,但有可能——到完全奇幻的荒诞主义,就像这部电影。《湿热的美国夏天》介于两者之间。夏令营的角色们是接地气的,但又有他们进城去莫名其妙地吸食烈性毒品的场景。

You’re right, there is a dial. When making a movie for a big studio, for a wider audience, the dial is a little over to this side. “Role Models” was a project that had been in development without me, and then when we came on board—me and Ken and Paul Rudd—it was layering in our sensibility on top of a more mainstream package. I think the reason that movie worked on that scale was exactly that. We honored the conventions that we were working in, but then added a little bit of our thing, just to give it an extra edge.

你说得对,确实有一个旋钮。在为大片厂、为更广泛的观众制作电影时,旋钮会稍微偏向这一边。《模范贱兄弟》是一个在没有我参与的情况下就已经在开发的项目,然后当我们——我、肯和保罗·路德——加入进来时,我们是在一个更主流的包装上叠加了我们的风格。我认为那部电影之所以能达到那种规模,原因正在于此。我们尊重了我们所运作的既定模式,但又加入了一点我们自己的东西,只是为了给它增添一点锋芒。

What’s an example of something that you added?

能举个你们添加的东西的例子吗?

The idea that they dress up at Kiss at the end. We took most everything in the movie and turned it into something that felt funny to us, and that’s always the barometer.

结尾他们打扮成Kiss乐队的点子。我们把电影里几乎所有的东西都变成了让我们觉得好笑的东西,这一直是我们的衡量标准。

For something like “Gail Daughtry,” which goes more into the realm of the implausible, how do you hold on to something real, just to ground it?

对于像《盖尔·多尔蒂》这样更偏向于“难以置信”领域的作品,你如何抓住一些真实的东西,好让它接地气?

The grounding is super important in any movie, regardless of that tone or not. The way we do it is two main things. There’s a plot structure that is clear and thought through. We’re very strict about one thing leading to another. All the normal things that you would think of in a plot are just as important here, if not more important, because we’re putting all these absurdist elements in. The second and even more important thing is the cast—people like Zoey Deutch, who bring in humanity. They’re finding that real connection between these friends and the real desire that she has to save her relationship, as silly as the mechanics are.

在任何电影里,接地气都超级重要,无论是不是这种调性。我们的方法主要有两点。首先,有一个清晰且经过深思熟虑的情节结构。我们非常严格地遵循一件事导致另一件事的逻辑。所有你在情节中会想到的常规要素,在这里都同样重要,甚至更重要,因为我们要加入所有这些荒诞的元素。第二点,也是更重要的一点,是演员阵容——像佐伊·达奇这样的人,他们带来了人性。他们在寻找这些朋友之间真实的联结,以及她想要挽救自己感情的真实渴望,尽管其运作机制很愚蠢。

We just had a screening of “Wet Hot American Summer” in Cleveland, because it’s the twenty-fifth anniversary this year, and at the end, when Janeane Garofalo and Michael Showalter walk off together, I got a tear in my eye, because there’s something so deeply real about it that goes parallel to the silliness.

我们刚在克利夫兰做了一场《湿热的美国夏天》的放映,因为今年是二十五周年,在结尾,当詹尼安·吉劳法罗(Janeane Garofalo)和迈克尔·肖沃特一起走开时,我眼眶湿润了,因为其中有某种如此深刻真实的东西,与那种傻气并行不悖。

Gail Daughtry, of course, comes from Kansas. You grew up in Ohio. So you both came from the middle of the country to Hollywood, where you live now. I’m curious if that wound up as an element in this movie, what it’s like to discover Los Angeles.

盖尔·多尔蒂,当然,来自堪萨斯。你在俄亥俄州长大。所以你们俩都从美国中部来到了好莱坞,也就是你现在居住的地方。我很好奇,这是否最终成为了这部电影的一个元素,那种发现洛杉矶的感觉。

A hundred per cent. And Ken Marino—we wrote it together—came from Long Island. We both came to New York City first, to go to N.Y.U. I was bewildered by the fact that I was in New York City for the entire twenty-six years I lived there. So I certainly felt that thing that Gail feels, going into this crazy land that we know from culture and movies but have never seen in person.

百分之百。还有肯·马里诺——我们一起写的剧本——来自长岛。我们都是先来到纽约市,去上纽约大学。我对自己在纽约生活了整整二十六年这件事一直感到困惑。所以我当然能感受到盖尔的那种感觉,走进这片我们从文化和电影中了解、但从未亲眼见过的疯狂土地。

What about living in L.A. felt foreign to you?

住在洛杉矶的哪些方面让你觉得陌生?

I have two teen-agers, and they largely grew up here, and I’m continuously driving around Hollywood and all these places where I’m, like, “I want you to understand, we live in a place that’s not really the norm.” Like, every other person’s making a movie or connected to some celebrity. It’s an odd place. I felt that myself. I’ve been coming here for a long time, but I moved out here when my kids were little.

我有两个十几岁的孩子,他们基本上是在这里长大的,我不断地开车经过好莱坞和所有这些地方,我心想,“我想让你们明白,我们住在一个并非真正常态的地方。”比如,每隔一个人就在拍电影,或者和某个名人有关联。这是个奇怪的地方。我自己也感觉到了。我来这里很久了,但搬过来是在孩子们还小的时候。

It’s also the rare movie that’s conspicuously shot in L.A., which doesn’t happen a lot anymore.

这也是一部罕见地明显在洛杉矶拍摄的电影,现在已经不常有了。

The idea of a small-budget, original feature-film comedy being shot here on location in L.A.—very, very rare. The crew, myself included, was overcome with gratitude every day.

一部小成本、原创的剧情喜剧片在洛杉矶实地拍摄——非常、非常罕见。包括我在内的整个剧组,每天都充满了感激之情。

One of those locations is pretty iconic: the Emerald City in your film is the Chateau Marmont. What did it take to film there?

其中一个拍摄地相当具有标志性:你电影里的翡翠城就是马尔蒙庄园酒店。在那里拍摄需要什么条件?

We absolutely did not film there. In fact, when we talked early on about locations with our location manager, he was, like, “Just to park there would cost more than our budget.” So we found a ranch far away from the city that has a very similar vibe.

我们绝对没在那儿拍。事实上,当我们早期和我们的外景经理讨论拍摄地时,他就说,“光是把车停在那儿,花费就比我们的预算还高。”所以我们找了一个远离城市的牧场,那里有非常相似的氛围。

Well, you fooled me. Movie magic.

好吧,你骗到我了。电影魔术。

The best fooler, though, is that we did not shoot inside C.A.A. [Creative Artists Agency], either. We went to the lobby of C.A.A. covertly with an iPhone and filmed all the backgrounds, then shot the actors on a green screen.

不过,最棒的障眼法是,我们也没在C.A.A.(创新艺人经纪公司)里面拍。我们偷偷带着一部iPhone去了C.A.A.的大堂,拍下了所有的背景,然后让演员在绿幕前表演。

That’s so punk.

这太朋克了。

The movie was very challenging to shoot in twenty-one days, so we used a lot of punk methods. I’ve got thirty years of learning how to do a lot with a little.

这部电影在二十一天内拍完,非常具有挑战性,所以我们用了很多朋克式的方法。我有三十年“用很少的钱办很多事”的经验。

You and Marino have been collaborating for a very long time. What is your writing process?

你和马里诺合作了很长时间。你们的写作过程是怎样的?

We have an unusual thing that we’ve done. We did it three times, and all three times we made a movie out of it. We get together for a seven-day period, twelve hours a day, and shut off everything else. By the end of Day One, we have an idea that we’ve committed to. By the end of day two, we have an outline. The rest of the week, we write a first draft. So we emerge with something resembling a first draft of a movie.

我们做过一件不寻常的事。我们做了三次,三次都据此拍出了电影。我们会聚在一起,为期七天,每天十二个小时,关掉其他一切。到第一天结束时,我们有了一个确定下来的点子。到第二天结束时,我们有了一个故事大纲。那一周剩下的时间里,我们写出第一稿。所以结束时,我们拿出了一个类似电影初稿的东西。

That’s intense.

那可真够紧张的。

It was inspired by the fact that, when you’re shooting a movie, that’s what you do. There are twelve-hour days and you can’t be late. So we thought, Why not bring that kind of discipline to writing?

这个方法的灵感来自于,当你拍摄一部电影时,你就是这么做的。每天工作十二个小时,你不能迟到。所以我们想,为什么不把那种纪律性带到写作中来呢?

You also have the benefit of having known him since, what, 1988?

你还有一个优势,就是你从,呃,1988年就认识他了?

Eighty-seven. We met on the first day of college at N.Y.U. My friend who I grew up with, Craig [Wedren], was my roommate, and has become our composer for everything we’ve ever done. And we were assigned a third roommate who was someone that Ken knew from high school, so he came to visit our dorm the first day of college. We’ve been friends ever since.

八七年。我们在纽约大学开学的第一天认识的。我从小一起长大的朋友克雷格(韦德伦)(Craig Wedren)是我的室友,后来成了我们所有作品的作曲。我们被分配了第三个室友,那个人是肯在高中认识的,所以他在大学第一天就来我们宿舍串门。我们从那时起就一直是朋友。

How did you both wind up in the State?

你们俩是怎么都加入“The State”的?

I had joined this sketch-comedy troupe called Sterile Yak, which was founded by Mo Willems, who then became a big children’s-book writer. One of the guys from Sterile Yak left to start, like, a B-team J.V. squad, and that ultimately became the State, and Ken was in the State. Very soon after that, Sterile Yak sort of fell apart and then I joined the State.

我加入了一个叫“Sterile Yak”的小品喜剧剧团,它是由莫·威廉斯(Mo Willems)创立的,他后来成了一位著名的童书作家。“Sterile Yak”里的一个人离开去创办了一个,像是,B队或二线队伍,那最终变成了“The State”,而肯就在“The State”里。在那之后不久,“Sterile Yak”就差不多散伙了,然后我就加入了“The State”。

There were eleven of you, eventually, ten men and one woman. Was there a philosophy of comedy that bonded you together? Did you talk about the way you wanted to do comedy, or were you just doing it?

你们最终有十一个人,十个男人和一个女人。有没有一种喜剧哲学把你们凝聚在一起?你们会讨论想做喜剧的方式,还是直接就做了?

We had a lot of long, late-night discussions about not just our theories about comedy but also about how great we were. This was when we were eighteen, nineteen. At the time, it served us well to be very cocky. We were very turned on by having just met a bunch of people that we all felt were really funny and made each other laugh. We certainly all had the things we brought into it that we liked. For me, it was Woody Allen and Steve Martin and “SCTV.” For others, it was more Monty Python. We sort of created our own little soup.

我们有过很多次长谈,深夜讨论,不仅关于我们的喜剧理论,还关于我们有多棒。那会儿我们十八、九岁。在当时,非常自大对我们很有好处。我们刚刚认识了一群我们都觉得非常有趣、能让彼此开怀大笑的人,这让我们非常兴奋。我们当然都有各自喜欢并带入其中的东西。对我来说,是伍迪·艾伦(Woody Allen)、史蒂夫·马丁(Steve Martin)和《SCTV》。对其他人来说,更多是蒙提·派森(Monty Python)。我们算是创造了自己的小杂烩。

You all made decisions collectively, as a group of eleven. How on earth did you do that?

你们所有决定都是作为一个十一人的集体做出的。这到底是怎么做到的?

I think it’s a function of youth. If we were doing our show and production design was, like, “Should this be red or blue?” we were, like, “All right, one sec.” And eleven of us would argue about it and come up with an answer. Every single thing had to be approved by eleven people. At one point, we were, like, O.K., if seven people vote, we’ll do it. The State still exists. We went on tour a couple of years ago, and it’s an eleven-way consensus on anything that we do.

我觉得这是年轻的作用。如果我们在做节目,美术设计问,“这个应该是红色还是蓝色?”我们就会说,“好,等一下。”然后我们十一个人会争论一番,得出一个答案。每一件事都必须得到十一个人的批准。后来有一次,我们觉得,好吧,如果有七个人投票同意,我们就做。“The State”依然存在。我们几年前还搞了一次巡演,我们做的任何事情都是十一人共识。

How did you handle telling people when you didn’t think their ideas were funny?

当你觉得别人的点子不好笑时,你是怎么跟他们说的?

One of the things we learned and practiced early on was not to be shy about that. We were brutal with each other’s material. We all had this agreement that nobody should take it personally. I learned early on that quantity is as important as quality. Keep trying, keep doing more. If you write ten things and one is good, then you’ve written one good thing.

我们很早就学会并实践的一件事,就是在这方面不要害羞。我们对彼此的素材非常残酷。我们都有这个共识,就是没人应该往心里去。我很早就学到,数量和质量一样重要。不断尝试,不断做更多。如果你写了十个东西,有一个是好的,那你就写出了一个好东西。

The State was originally called the New Group. Was changing the name one of the things that the eleven of you had to agree on unanimously?

“The State”最初叫“新团体”。改名是不是你们十一个人必须一致同意的事情之一?

Yes. We still have a massive list of all the names that we debated over. Froggy’s Your Man comes to mind. At one point, I wanted to call it the United States Comedy Troupe. There’s a list here of a hundred and ninety names that we talked about. [He pulls it up on his computer.] For a minute, we decided to call ourselves Medium Head Route, for some reason. Then one day I think Michael Patrick Jann saw the words “the state” in a newspaper or something, and we were, like, “That’s it.”

是的。我们至今还留着一份我们争论过的所有名字的庞大清单。“弗洛吉是你的人”是我想到的一个。有一阵子,我想叫它“美利坚合众国喜剧团”。我这里有一份我们讨论过的一百九十个名字的清单。[他在电脑上调出清单。] 有一小会儿,我们决定叫自己“中等头部路线”,不知为什么。然后有一天,我想是迈克尔·帕特里克·詹恩(Michael Patrick Jann)在报纸或什么东西上看到了“the state”这个词,我们就觉得,“就是它了。”

Once you were working with MTV, how did you deal with what the network wanted and how it differed from what you guys wanted?

一旦你们开始和MTV合作,你们是如何处理电视台想要的东西与你们自己想要的东西之间的差异的?

Again, we had a naïve cockiness, and it was a lucky thing that MTV, at the time, was run by very young people. The top executives were in their twenties. But they were, like, “You have to do X, Y, and Z,” and we were, like, “No. Fuck you!” They bought it, in a way, because we were so cocksure. They told us that we had to take a reference to Bob Dylan out of a sketch, because [they thought] no one knows who Bob Dylan is. So we proceeded to drop the name “Bob Dylan” into every sketch. We were very self-styled rebels, in our own weird, suburban way.

再说一次,我们有一种天真的自大,而且幸运的是,当时的MTV是由非常年轻的人经营的。高层管理人员才二十多岁。但是,他们会说,“你们必须做甲、乙、丙这些事,”而我们说,“不。去你的!”他们某种程度上接受了,因为我们太自信了。他们告诉我们,必须把一个小品里提到鲍勃·迪伦(Bob Dylan)的地方删掉,因为(他们认为)没人知道鲍勃·迪伦是谁。于是我们接着就在每个小品里都塞进“鲍勃·迪伦”这个名字。我们自认为是风格独特的叛逆者,以我们自己那种古怪的、郊区的方式。

Didn’t they tell you that you couldn’t make a reference to “The Catcher in the Rye,” because young people who watched MTV wouldn’t know what it was?

他们是不是还告诉你们,不能提《麦田里的守望者》,因为看MTV的年轻人不会知道那是什么?

That was definitely the kind of thing they always did. They gave us these four things that every sketch had to be at least one of, like “pop-culture parody” or “sick and twisted” or “spoofing an MTV-specific show.” And we were just, like, No. We wanted to be more universal and timeless, more like Monty Python and less like “Mad TV.”

那绝对是他们常干的事。他们给了我们四个要素,每个小品至少得符合其中之一,比如“流行文化戏仿”或“病态扭曲”或“恶搞一个MTV特有的节目”。而我们就是,不。我们想要更普世、更永恒,更像蒙提·派森,而不是像《疯狂电视》。

Were you defining yourselves against “Saturday Night Live”?

你们是在通过与《周六夜现场》划清界限来定义自己吗?

A hundred per cent. We all grew up worshipping “Saturday Night Live” and dreaming of being on it. Then, when we started working as our own group, we took on this mentality that we’ve created something even better. “Saturday Night Live” has these long sketches that never end, and they keep repeating the same premises and characters over and over again. So we wanted to go the opposite of that.

百分之百。我们都是看着《周六夜现场》长大的,崇拜它,梦想着能上那个节目。然后,当我们开始作为一个自己的团体工作时,我们就有了一种心态,觉得我们创造了甚至更好的东西。《周六夜现场》有那些冗长、永不结束的小品,而且他们一遍又一遍地重复相同的前提和角色。所以我们想反其道而行之。

The State’s humor is an interesting mixture of extremely dumb and self-aware. I’m thinking of the “Cutlery Barn” sketch, which makes almost no sense. It’s just funny voices, a talking hamburger, and a joke about fried bumblebees. On one level, it’s nonsense. But there’s also something subversive about it even being on the show.

“The State”的幽默是一种非常傻气和自我意识的有趣混合。我想到了“餐具谷仓”那个小品,它几乎毫无意义。只有滑稽的声音、一个会说话的汉堡包,还有一个关于炸大黄蜂的笑话。在一个层面上,它是胡说八道。但它能出现在节目里,这本身就带有某种颠覆性。

You’re hitting on something that makes us laugh, which is that there are times when just doing the thing is the joke. We recreated the blooper reel from “The Cannonball Run” word for word. Didn’t add anything to it. For some reason, that made me laugh so hard.

你说到了一个让我们发笑的点,那就是有时候,仅仅做这件事本身就是笑点。我们逐字逐句地重现了《炮弹飞车》的搞笑花絮集锦。什么都没加。不知为什么,那让我笑得前仰后合。

A beloved sketch for State fans is “The Restaurant Sketch.” You play a patron at a restaurant, and you’re politely ordering, but everyone around you keeps accusing you of being too loud. Then you turn to the camera and say, “Now, you see, the joke here is that everyone here is saying I’m screaming, which isn’t true. And that’s funny. Anything that isn’t true is funny. Anything that is true isn’t funny.” Then, of course, the sketch undermines that premise. But it seems like something you had thought through as a precept of comedy.

“The State”粉丝钟爱的一个小品是“餐厅小品”。你扮演一个餐厅顾客,你正在礼貌地点餐,但你周围的所有人不停地指责你太吵了。然后你转向镜头说:“现在,你看,这里的笑点是,这里的每个人都说我在尖叫,但事实并非如此。这很好笑。任何不真实的事情都好笑。任何真实的事情都不好笑。”然后,当然,这个小品颠覆了这个前提。但这似乎是你作为喜剧的一个准则仔细思考过的东西。

It probably just came through discussing what comedy is and taking it down to a level of simplicity that is absurd. That sketch does tickle me. It’s so silly, to try to be so reductive about what’s funny, in a way that clearly is not funny—and therefore is funny. I think a lot of what we’ve done over the years is, How unfunny can we be, in a way that is funny?

它可能就是在讨论什么是喜剧,并将其简化到一个荒谬的程度时产生的。那个小品确实让我觉得好笑。太傻了,试图用一种明显不好笑——因此反而好笑——的方式,对什么是好笑进行如此简化的归纳。我觉得我们多年来做的很多事情都是,我们能以多不好笑的方式,来达到好笑的效果?

And yet there’s some truth to it. For instance, in the “Wet Hot American Summer” reunions, a linchpin of the humor is that the entire cast is now in their forties or so, and you’re insisting that they’re teen-agers.

然而,这其中也有一些道理。例如,在《湿热的美国夏天》重聚剧集中,幽默的一个关键点在于,全体演员现在都四十多岁了,而你坚持说他们是青少年。

Right. Not true! The premise of that restaurant sketch is, at its core, correct. But it’s just said in such a perfunctory way, like, [holding up an eyeglass case] “This is not an eyeglass case. It’s a banana! And therefore it’s funny to say that!”

对。不真实!那个餐厅小品的前提,核心上是正确的。但它被说出来方式太敷衍了,就像,[拿起一个眼镜盒]“这不是一个眼镜盒。这是一根香蕉!所以这么说很好笑!”

Do you have other rules of comedy?

你还有其他喜剧规则吗?

Yes. Especially if Ken and I are debating something, we say, “We can’t use that joke, because it’s a hat on a hat,” or “Three is good, four is too many.” But none of these are hard-and-fast rules. Often, you’re looking for ways to put words to the truth, which is “I don’t find that funny.” At the end of the day, it really is just gut.

有。特别是当肯和我在争论什么的时候,我们会说,“我们不能用那个笑话,因为那是画蛇添足,”或者“三个正好,四个就太多了。”但这些都不是硬性规定。通常,你是在寻找方法,用语言来表达那个事实,即“我觉得那不好笑”。归根结底,真的就是凭直觉。

You’ve described the ten years between “The State” being on MTV, in the mid-nineties, and “Stella” being on Comedy Central, in 2005, as a low point in your career, even though you made “Wet Hot American Summer” during that decade. What were you trying to make happen?

你曾把九十年代中期“The State”在MTV播出,到2005年“Stella”在喜剧中心播出之间的十年,描述为你职业生涯的低谷,尽管你是在那十年里拍了《湿热的美国夏天》。你当时想做成什么事?

When the State started to fall apart, we were struggling to figure out other things to do, and they didn’t work out great. We tried to make a movie that fell apart, and we did write this book [“State by State with the State”] that didn’t really hit. We made this album that didn’t come out. Then half of the group broke off and did their own thing without me—“Viva Variety”—and at the time I and some of the others that were not included were very upset. Then we had our own thing called Stella, but up until we had that show on Comedy Central it was not anything that made me any money. Then we did make “Wet Hot American Summer,” which was great, but it was a big bomb in the theatres. So income was very sparse during those years.

当“The State”开始瓦解时,我们挣扎着去琢磨做点别的事,但结果都不太理想。我们试着拍一部电影,结果黄了,我们确实写了这本书(《与The State一起逐个州旅行》),但反响平平。我们做了一张专辑,结果没发行。然后团队里一半的人脱离出去,做了他们自己的节目,没带我——《Viva Variety》——当时我和其他一些没被包括进去的人非常沮丧。然后我们有了自己的东西叫“Stella”,但直到我们在喜剧中心有了那个节目之前,它没给我赚过一分钱。后来我们确实拍了《湿热的美国夏天》,这很棒,但它在影院上映时票房惨败。所以那些年收入非常微薄。

Stella grew out of the Luna Lounge, on the Lower East Side, and I remember the three of you—you and Michael Ian Black and Michael Showalter—were like the dapper princes of New York alt comedy. How did you figure out what Stella was?

“Stella”是从下东区的Luna Lounge发展起来的,我记得你们三个——你、迈克尔·伊恩·布莱克和迈克尔·肖沃特——就像是纽约另类喜剧界的时髦王子。你们是怎么搞清楚“Stella”该是什么样的?

It was very organic. We had been the ones among the State who had taken an interest in this alt-comedy scene, first at Rebar and then at the Luna Lounge. We got to see people like Marc Maron and Todd Barry and Louis C.K. and Janeane Garofalo doing something different from what we had seen on cable or at the Comedy Store. We were really turned on by that and started doing it ourselves.

它非常自然。我们是“The State”里对这股另类喜剧场景感兴趣的那几个人,先是在Rebar酒吧,后来在Luna Lounge。我们有机会看到像马克·马龙(Marc Maron)、托德·巴里(Todd Barry)、路易·C·K(Louis C.K.)和詹尼安·吉劳法罗这样的人,做着不同于我们在有线电视或喜剧商店看到的东西。我们对此非常兴奋,并开始自己去做。

We did a show at Brooklyn Polytechnic that was a disaster. It was a bunch of tech students who seemed like they were forced out of their rooms to come into this brightly lit fluorescent room with, like, chicken wings in the back, and sit in folding chairs and first watch a magician and then watch the three of us. They didn’t have any clue who we were or any interest in what we were doing. I think we bailed on the whole thing pretty early.

我们在布鲁克林理工学院做了一场演出,那是一场灾难。观众是一群理工科学生,他们看起来像是被强迫离开宿舍,来到这个灯光明亮、荧光灯照耀的房间,后面可能还摆着鸡翅,坐在折叠椅上,先看一个魔术师表演,然后再看我们三个。他们完全不知道我们是谁,对我们做的事也没任何兴趣。我想我们很早就放弃了整个演出。

Aren’t you a magician, too?

你不是也是个魔术师吗?

I’m a magician, too, not related to this story. But, yes. Part of this alternative comedy scene was people trying out things. It was very casual, and people brought notepads onstage and were, like, “First draft!” I was, like, But where’s the second draft? Where’s the more polished version of this new kind of comedy? That’s how we ended up talking to the Fez under Time Café and saying, “We want to do this show once a week, where we’re going to dress up in coats and ties and have Martinis.” We had a house band. The woman who ran the club said, “You have to tell me the name of the show,” and we said, “We see that you’re pregnant. What’s your daughter’s name going to be?” She said, “Stella.” And we were, like, “All right, that’s the name.”

我也是个魔术师,跟这个故事无关。但是,是的。这种另类喜剧场景的一部分就是人们尝试各种东西。非常随意,人们带着笔记本上台,然后说,“初稿!”我当时想,可是第二稿在哪儿呢?这种新式喜剧的更精炼版本在哪儿?这就是为什么我们最终和时代咖啡馆楼下的Fez酒吧谈,说,“我们想每周做一次这个演出,我们会穿西装打领带,喝马提尼酒。”我们有个现场乐队。经营俱乐部的女士说,“你们得告诉我演出的名字,”我们说,“我们看到你怀孕了。你女儿的名字会是什么?”她说,“Stella。”然后我们就说,“好吧,就用这个名字。”

In the middle of this, how did you become a movie director?

在这期间,你是怎么成为一名电影导演的?

Of the people in the State, there were two of us who had any interest in being directors. Michael Patrick Jann directed the sketches that were with a [professional] crew or shot on film or Beta. I was shooting on Hi8, running around with our own crew, pre-YouTube style. And I went to film school and made a thesis short film. In the aftermath of the State, Michael Showalter and I sat down with the intention of writing a movie that I would direct. That was the slow road to finally making “Wet Hot American Summer.”

在“The State”的人里,只有两个人对当导演有兴趣。迈克尔·帕特里克·詹恩执导那些有(专业)摄制组或用胶片或Beta带拍摄的小品。我则是用Hi8拍摄,带着我们自己的团队到处跑,那是前YouTube时代的风格。我还上了电影学院,拍了一部毕业短片。在“The State”结束之后,迈克尔·肖沃特和我坐下来,打算写一部由我执导的电影。那就是最终拍成《湿热的美国夏天》的漫长道路。

After it didn’t do well in the theatres, what was your next move?

在它影院票房不佳之后,你的下一步行动是什么?

That was pretty low. Michael and I would fly out to L.A. and have meetings, where it was, like, “Oh, my God, we loved that movie. If it were up to me, we would make another one just like that. Obviously, we can’t.” We would get into development on a movie idea or a series that the agent set us up with, and they would be, like, “We love you guys so much. Just make sure it’s not in your voice, or anything close to it.” I remember once writing down a list of thirty-two projects that Michael and I tried to put together that fell apart. We wrote “They Came Together” during that time, because we had pitched it to Universal. It took ten years before we got that made more independently. Basically, a lot of swings and a lot of misses.

那段时间相当低谷。迈克尔和我常常飞到洛杉矶去开会,会上人们会说,“哦,天哪,我们超爱那部电影。如果由我做主,我们会再拍一部一模一样的。显然,我们不能。”我们会就经纪人安排的一个电影创意或剧集进入开发阶段,他们会说,“我们太喜欢你们俩了。只要确保别用你们自己的风格,或者任何接近它的风格就行。”我记得有一次写下了一个清单,列出了迈克尔和我试图拼凑起来但最终失败的32个项目。我们是在那段时间写的《他们走到了一起》,因为我们向环球影业提案了。我们花了十年时间才以更独立的方式把它拍出来。基本上,就是很多次尝试,很多次失败。

Eventually, you were making movies for Universal—“Role Models” and “Wanderlust.”

最终,你开始为环球影业拍电影了——《模范贱兄弟》和《漫游》。

That was a real fluke. I had just made “The Ten” with Paul Rudd. And he was set up with Seann William Scott to do this studio comedy, which at the time was called “Little Big Man” or “Mentors.” The director had left under some sort of acrimony that I never fully got the full story of. But they were already in prep, and he called me and was, like, “Would you want to jump in here?” I think they were desperate, and Paul vouched for me.

那真是个侥幸。我刚和保罗·路德拍完《十》。而他正和西恩·威廉·斯科特搭好班子,准备拍这部制片厂喜剧,当时片名是《小大人》或《导师》。导演因为某种我不知道完整内情的不和离开了。但他们已经在前期筹备了,他打电话给我,说,“你想不想跳进来接手?”我想他们是 desperate 了,而保罗为我做了担保。

What was different about making a big, star-driven comedy for Universal?

为环球影业制作一部大型、由明星驱动的喜剧,有什么不同?

It was more similar to what I had done before than I thought it would be. I always cared about structure and storytelling. I was never making “Un Chien Andalou.” The big difference was that there were so many other cooks. The marketing department was involved from moment one. There was a much larger crew and a larger set of tools, and more time. But it was still the same process: Where should we put the camera, and how do we get the actors to the place where it’s the funniest? Maybe I was too young to know what I should be afraid of.

它比我预想的更像我以前做过的事情。我一直很在意结构和叙事。我从来没在拍《一条安达鲁狗》。最大的不同在于,有那么多其他的参与者。市场营销部门从第一天起就介入了。有更庞大的摄制组,更丰富的工具,以及更多的时间。但过程还是一样的:我们应该把摄影机放在哪里,我们如何让演员达到最有趣的状态?也许我当时太年轻了,不知道应该害怕什么。

At a certain point, you started working with Netflix, for the “Wet Hot” reunion series, in 2015 and 2017, and “A Futile and Stupid Gesture,” in 2018. Was that another adjustment?

在某个时候,你开始与Netflix合作,在2015年和2017年制作了《湿热的美国夏天》重聚剧集,以及2018年的《徒劳而愚蠢的姿态》。那是另一次调整吗?

For different reasons, I have gotten into situations where we’ve been largely left alone to make the movie we wanted to make. Going to Netflix, they didn’t give us a ton of notes. They didn’t have a lot of layers there, like they do now. We had been conceiving this “Wet Hot American Summer” prequel as a movie. But then, as we were writing it, we wanted to put a lot more into it than we had pages for in a movie script. We were looking around and were, like, Netflix is now a place where you can do something that’s a long movie in the form of a series.

出于不同的原因,我陷入过一些境地,在那里我们基本上被放手去拍我们想拍的电影。去Netflix时,他们没有给我们大量的修改意见。他们当时没有像现在这样有那么多层级。我们一直把这部《湿热的美国夏天》前传设想成一部电影。但是,当我们写剧本的时候,我们想放进去的内容远远超过了一部电影剧本所能容纳的页数。我们环顾四周,发现Netflix现在是一个你可以用剧集的形式来做一部长篇电影的地方。

Your career has spanned all these different eras, whether it’s nineties anti-comedy, bigger-budget films during the height of Apatow studio comedies, and then the Netflix era. How do you see the comedy industry in Hollywood now?

你的职业生涯跨越了所有这些不同的时代,无论是九十年代的反喜剧,阿帕图制片厂喜剧鼎盛时期的大预算电影,还是Netflix时代。你现在怎么看好莱坞的喜剧产业?

I have often just gravitated back to what I enjoy, and sometimes it’s been in favor and sometimes it hasn’t. I imagine that part of the reason I haven’t made a movie in eight years is because comedy feature films have been out of fashion. I have not been good at being a chameleon and jumping into whatever is trendy. Hopefully, in the long term, that’s a good thing.

我常常只是回归到我享受的事情上,有时候它正好流行,有时候则不然。我想我之所以八年没拍电影,部分原因就是喜剧长片已经过时了。我不擅长做变色龙,跳进任何时髦的东西里。希望从长远来看,这是件好事。

I was just looking at what comedies have come out recently, and they’re all connected to franchises: “The Devil Wears Prada 2,” the sixth “Scary Movie.” “Supergirl” probably counts, much like “Deadpool” does. The era of “Role Models,” where it’s two idiot dudes going on an adventure, doesn’t exist now, except maybe for “Friendship,” which was from A24.

我刚看了下最近出了哪些喜剧片,它们全都和系列电影有关:《穿普拉达的女王2》、《惊声尖笑6》。《超级少女》大概也算,就像《死侍》一样。《模范贱兄弟》那种两个傻哥们去冒险的时代,现在不存在了,也许除了A24出品的《友谊》之外。

“Role Models” and “Wanderlust” were both part of that rated-R-comedy Apatow era, where studios were, like, Great, one or two stars and a premise, and let’s go! I just heard Seth Rogen doing an interview about how they green-lit “Superbad” without a cast. They were, like, We like the script. Here’s a release date. That’s not anywhere close to what’s happening now. I hear some chatter that it’s going to come back, or there’s going to be a new appetite for comedies that are new and original. Who knows. All I know is I want to have a chance to do what I do in some form and make a living.

《模范贱兄弟》和《漫游》都属于那个R级喜剧的阿帕图时代,那时制片厂觉得,太好了,一两个明星加一个前提,咱们开拍吧!我刚听到塞斯·罗根(Seth Rogen)在一个采访里说,他们当初在没有确定演员阵容的情况下就给《太坏了》开了绿灯。他们当时觉得,我们喜欢这个剧本。给你个上映日期。那跟现在的情况完全挨不上边。我听到一些传闻说这种模式会回来,或者说对新颖、原创的喜剧会有新的需求。谁知道呢。我只知道我想有机会以某种形式做我所做的事,并以此谋生。

For “Gail Daughtry,” you just went out and made the movie as an indie, and it was picked up by Sony Classics. Is there anything about that that you prefer to, say, having Universal give you twenty-eight million dollars?

对于《盖尔·多尔蒂》,你们就直接去把它当作一部独立电影拍了出来,然后被索尼经典买下。相比让环球给你两千八百万美元,这种方式有什么你更喜欢的地方吗?

It’s an oddball, old-school thing that happened, where an independent movie gets picked up by a distributor at Sundance. For a comedy like this, it’s super rare. There was nobody telling us what to do, and obviously that’s very nice. That said, when we made “Role Models” and “Wanderlust,” I appreciated the notes from the studio. When you have good people giving you notes, it can make the movie better. But, for a movie like this, it is all about a certain voice being pure.

这是一件古怪、老派的事情,一部独立电影在圣丹斯被发行商买下。对于这样一部喜剧来说,这超级罕见。没有人告诉我们该怎么做,这显然非常好。话虽如此,当我们拍《模范贱兄弟》和《漫游》时,我很感激制片厂给的修改意见。当有优秀的人给你提意见时,它可以让电影变得更好。但是,对于像这样一部电影,关键就在于某种声音的纯粹性。

You have maintained collaborations with specific people for an incredibly long amount of time, whether it’s Michael Showalter and Ken Marino from the State or Paul Rudd, who seems to pop up in everything you do. What does that do for your process?

你和特定的一些人维持了极长时间的合作,无论是“The State”时期的迈克尔·肖沃特和肯·马里诺,还是保罗·路德,他似乎在你做的每部片子里都会出现。这对你的创作过程有什么影响?

From as early as being in college in the State, we had this thing of all joining hands and going, “Let’s do this together forever!” A lot of people say that, and very few people actually do it. We prioritized that over other things over the years and also had the luck to be able to do that. I don’t take for granted the good fortune of getting to wake up on many days and go to work with my oldest friends. ♦

早在上大学在“The State”的时候,我们就有这种大家手拉手,说“让我们一起永远做下去!”的习惯。很多人都这么说,但很少有人真的这么做。这些年来,我们把这放在了比其他事情更优先的位置,并且也有幸能够做到。我不会把这种好运视为理所当然,能在许多日子里醒来,去和我最老的朋友们一起工作。 ♦

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