The Theatre

“Birthright” and “Giant” Tackle Jewish Identity

《与生俱来》与《巨人》:直面犹太身份认同
The plays explore interpersonal rifts over Israel, but only one lets the ugliness linger.
两部戏剧都探讨了因以色列问题引发的人际裂痕,但只有一部敢于让丑陋的余味持续发酵。
People tugging a string in the shape of the Star of David.
Illustration by Rutu Modan

The Oakland-based playwright Jonathan Spector wrote “Birthright”—his warm, haimish, ultimately frustrating new drama—on a dare. Weeks after October 7, 2023, Spector was “cajoled” by a peer to dig into the generational fracture among American Jews, a split that deepened precipitously after the catastrophes in Israel and Gaza. At first, Spector said no. Who could blame him? The risks included glibness and finger-wagging, not to mention the danger suggested by the metal detectors outside the production now at M.C.C.

奥克兰剧作家乔纳森·斯佩克特(Jonathan Spector)的新作《与生俱来》——这部温情、亲切、最终却令人沮丧的戏剧——源于一次打赌。2023年10月7日事件发生几周后,一位同行“怂恿”斯佩克特深入挖掘美国犹太人之间的代际裂痕,这道裂痕在以色列和加沙的灾难之后急剧加深。起初,斯佩克特拒绝了。谁能怪他呢?风险包括流于肤浅和说教,更不用说M.C.C.剧院当前演出入口外的金属探测器所暗示的危险。

So it’s strange to report that the play Spector constructed from such volatile material is an oddly uplifting project—a witty, tender portrait of left-leaning Jews that, by its final moments, feels hobbled by a pulse of wish fulfillment, a desire for closure at any cost. We meet six millennial hopefuls in 2006, shortly after they’ve returned from Birthright, a free ten-day trip to Israel that is designed to create, in attendees, a bond with the Jewish state—and, not coincidentally, attractions to fellow-Jews. (Like the hookup-heavy youth group N.F.T.Y. and the summer-camp circuit, Birthright aims to vaccinate Jews against that diluter of the tribe, intermarriage.) The trip seems to have worked: Izzy, a vulnerable, dry-humored lesbian, played with a hummingbird intensity by the wonderful Molly Bernard, marvels that the experience is hard to describe to anyone who hasn’t been through it, like sharing a dream. (“They’ll listen for a while, but then at a certain point . . .”) Her peers will be her “mish-fucking-pokah,” her chosen family.

因此,一个奇怪的结论是:斯佩克特用如此易燃材料构建的这部剧,竟是一个出奇振奋人心的作品——一幅描绘左倾犹太人的机智温柔肖像,但在最后时刻,却因一股一厢情愿的冲动、一种不惜一切代价寻求和解的渴望而显得步履蹒跚。我们在2006年遇见六位千禧一代的满怀憧憬者,他们刚从“生来之旅”(Birthright)归来——这是一趟免费的以色列十日游,旨在培养参与者与犹太国家的情感纽带,并且,并非巧合地,增进对犹太同胞的吸引力。(就像促成大量恋情的青年团体N.F.T.Y.和夏令营圈子一样,“生来之旅”旨在为犹太人接种疫苗,抵御稀释族群的通婚。)这趟旅行似乎奏效了:伊兹(Izzy),一个脆弱、带着冷幽默的女同性恋者,由出色的莫莉·伯纳德(Molly Bernard)以蜂鸟般的强度演绎,她惊叹这种体验难以向未经历过的人描述,就像分享一个梦。(“他们会听一会儿,但到了某个节点……”)她的同伴们将成为她的“他妈的家人”(mish-fucking-pokah),她选择的家庭。

The gang has gathered, at the behest of Izzy’s bossy, flirty childhood friend Chaya (Zoë Winters), for an intervention. The Yale good girl Alona (Molly Ranson), fresh off a tryst with an I.D.F. soldier, is toying with making aliyah—moving to Israel. The other five intend to talk her out of it. Why step off the gleaming escalator of Diaspora success? It’s a zippy, sexy debate that expands as we follow the new friends (and Chaya’s chatty mom, played by a terrific Liz Larsen) for eighteen years, and as their lives kink into unexpected shapes. At three hours and twenty minutes, the play’s length may sound daunting, but, under the fleet direction of Teddy Bergman, “Birthright” races by, bright and light and often very funny, its crisp exchanges like gleaming stones skipping across an ocean of pain. In addition to the three women, we meet the proto-blogger Noah (Eli Gelb), who’s crushing on Chaya; the boozy indie rocker Emerson (Nate Mann); and the free spirit Lev (Hale Appleman, all legs and grins), who ditched the Birthright tour midway through, and is so disarmingly openhearted that even when he ghosts a lover he is quickly forgiven.

这群人应伊兹那位专横又爱调情的童年好友查雅(Chaya,佐伊·温特斯Zoë Winters饰)的要求,聚在一起进行一场干预。耶鲁的乖乖女阿洛娜(Alona,莫莉·兰森Molly Ranson饰)刚与一名以色列国防军士兵有过一段露水情缘,正考虑“阿利亚”(aliyah)——移居以色列。其他五人打算说服她放弃。为什么要踏出流散地成功的金光大道?这是一场活泼、性感的辩论,随着我们跟随这群新朋友(以及查雅那位健谈的母亲,由出色的丽兹·拉森Liz Larsen饰演)走过十八年,随着他们的生活扭曲成意想不到的形状,这场辩论也不断扩展。三小时二十分钟的时长听起来可能令人生畏,但在泰迪·伯格曼(Teddy Bergman)轻快的导演下,《与生俱来》飞驰而过,明亮、轻盈且常常非常有趣,其干脆利落的交锋如同在痛苦海洋上跳跃的闪亮石子。除了三位女性,我们还认识了暗恋查雅的早期博主诺亚(Noah,伊莱·盖尔布Eli Gelb饰);嗜酒的独立摇滚乐手爱默生(Emerson,内特·曼Nate Mann饰);以及自由不羁的列夫(Lev,黑尔·阿普尔曼Hale Appleman饰,满是大长腿和笑容),他在“生来之旅”中途脱队,心地开阔得令人卸下防备,即使他甩掉一个情人,也会很快被原谅。

Each act takes place at the suburban home of Chaya’s family: the first, “Two Jews, Three Opinions,” weeks after the trip, and the second, “A Palace in Time,” in October, 2016, around a hot tub, where the gang assembles to celebrate (and debate) Alona’s wedding to an Israeli. The final act, “Right of Return,” marks a sadder occasion, in 2024. Between the acts, a screen displays an ingeniously calibrated cascade of digital interactions: initially, Yahoo and “.edu” e-mails; then a Facebook group, BirthLeft; and gradually—as the political landscape tilts ominously—a WhatsApp group. These feeds sparkle with good news, from shiny jobs working for Barack Obama or for the PAC J Street to marriages and babies. Then, not long after October 7th, someone abruptly exits the chat.

每一幕都发生在查雅家的郊区住宅:第一幕“两个犹太人,三种意见”,在旅行几周后;第二幕“时间中的宫殿”,在2016年10月,围绕着一个热水浴缸,众人聚在一起庆祝(并辩论)阿洛娜与一位以色列人的婚礼。最后一幕“回归权”,则标记了2024年一个更悲伤的场合。幕间,一块屏幕展示着巧妙编排的数字互动瀑布:最初是雅虎和“.edu”电子邮件;接着是一个Facebook群组“BirthLeft”;然后——随着政治图景不祥地倾斜——逐渐变成一个WhatsApp群组。这些信息流闪烁着好消息,从为巴拉克·奥巴马或政治行动委员会J Street工作的光鲜职位,到婚姻和新生儿。然后,在10月7日之后不久,有人突然退出了聊天。

The moment made me gulp. I’ve seen similar splits occur in my own circles, and it was exciting and disturbing to imagine these conflicts made visceral onstage. Spector is clearly concerned with the pernicious consequences of technology, its ability to numb emotions and steer people into ideological cul-de-sacs. During the third act, in a cunning effect, when anyone picks up a phone, the screen’s contents are displayed on a wall as the lights fade, muting the friends onstage. These techniques echo a brilliant scene in Spector’s best-known play, “Eureka Day,” a satire of wokespeak at a Berkeley private school, in which a Facebook Live chat turns feral during an argument over vaccines. In its richest moments, “Birthright,” like “Eureka Day,” nails the struggles of flawed do-gooders to find meaning, along with the pain of seeing friends age. It’s especially touching when dramatizing the dimming of Lev’s youthful glow into wary alienation, summed up in a passing remark: “You would have been a good rabbi if you hadn’t fallen for the wrong chick.” Critics have rightly tagged “Birthright” as a Jewish “Big Chill,” but it also has the puppyish verve of “Friends,” had Ross, Rachel, and Monica been allowed to talk like real Long Island Jews. There’s a sensual specificity to the staging, from the Proustian sight of a teal-butted 2001 iMac to the sounds of news junkies snarking about Thomas Friedman or trading in-jokes about the shrimp at an Israeli wedding.

那一刻让我倒吸一口凉气。我在自己的圈子里目睹过类似的分裂,想象这些冲突在舞台上被具象化,既令人兴奋又令人不安。斯佩克特显然关注技术的有害后果,它麻痹情感、将人引入意识形态死胡同的能力。在第三幕中,有一个巧妙的效果:每当有人拿起手机,屏幕内容就会显示在墙上,同时灯光渐暗,使舞台上的朋友们陷入沉默。这些手法呼应了斯佩克特最知名的剧作《尤里卡日》(Eureka Day)中一个精彩场景——那是一部讽刺伯克利一所私立学校“觉醒话语”的作品,其中一场关于疫苗的争论让Facebook直播聊天变得疯狂。在最丰富的时刻,《与生俱来》如同《尤里卡日》一样,精准捕捉了有缺陷的好心人寻找意义的挣扎,以及目睹朋友老去的痛苦。当戏剧化地呈现列夫从青春光芒褪变为警惕疏离时,尤其动人,这浓缩在一句随口说出的话中:“如果你没爱上那个错的女人,你本可以成为一个好拉比。”评论家们恰当地将《与生俱来》称为犹太版的《大寒》,但它也有《老友记》那种小狗般的活力,假如罗斯、瑞秋和莫妮卡被允许像真正的长岛犹太人那样说话。舞台呈现有一种感官上的精确性,从蓝绿色底座的2001年iMac带来的普鲁斯特式视觉冲击,到新闻瘾君子们嘲讽托马斯·弗里德曼(Thomas Friedman)或拿以色列婚礼上的虾开内部玩笑的声音。

And yet a bratty skepticism welled up in me as the play unfolded. Clashes flared only to be tamped out; repercussions were softened, often comedically, as an outsider crashed the debate. Lines were uncrossed. Plays, like people, have value systems. I share the ones central to “Birthright”: talking across divides, keeping the conversation going. I, too, am frustrated by the online reflex to sneer. But those ideals block the play from being fully honest—by letting ugliness stick around. “Birthright” culminates in a fiery showdown in Act III, when the left-wing Izzy and the liberal Chaya wield phones like knives, competitively Googling “Theodor Herzl colonialism” and “1930s partition plan Israel” as Noah struggles to talk them down. The moment has a trace of Aaron Sorkin; I usually mean this as an insult, but in Spector’s case it’s not all bad. Everyone—including Alona, the only one who’s lived in Israel—gets to make their case in full, just as the anti-vaxxers did in “Eureka Day.” But is it enough to hear people out? To retreat to “It’s complicated”?

然而,随着剧情展开,一种不合时宜的怀疑在我心中涌起。冲突刚燃起就被扑灭;后果被软化,常常以喜剧方式处理,比如一个局外人闯入辩论。界限从未被真正跨越。戏剧,如同人一样,有价值体系。我认同《与生俱来》的核心价值:跨越分歧对话,保持沟通。我也对网上那种动辄嗤之以鼻的条件反射感到沮丧。但这些理想阻碍了这部剧做到完全诚实——因为它不让丑陋停留。《与生俱来》在第三幕达到高潮,上演了一场激烈的摊牌,左翼的伊兹和自由派的查雅像挥舞刀子一样挥舞着手机,竞相谷歌搜索“西奥多·赫茨尔 殖民主义”和“1930年代分治计划 以色列”,而诺亚则努力劝服她们。这一刻带有一丝艾伦·索金(Aaron Sorkin)的痕迹;我通常视此为贬义,但在斯佩克特这里,这不全是坏事。每个人——包括唯一在以色列生活过的阿洛娜——都有机会充分陈述自己的理由,就像《尤里卡日》中的反疫苗者一样。但仅仅听完别人说话就够了吗?退回到“这很复杂”就够了吗?

I kept sensing the elisions. We hear about MAGA Zionists—Fox News-watching fathers, Tel Aviv neighbors—but they’re all offstage. By design, this is a play about a narrow slice of Ashkenazic Jews, college-educated members of Conservative shuls. (This isn’t a political category; it’s the middle of the continuum of Reform, Conservative, and Orthodox, or, as the joke goes, “lazy, hazy, and crazy.”) It’s a play about two-state Zionists resistant to the term “genocide” and anti-Zionists pushing them to use it, a demographic just left of the women from the hilarious “JAP Battle” rap track, from the TV show “Crazy Ex-Girlfriend,” who spar over their anti-racist bona fides, then add, politely, “Though of course I support Israel.” Yet “Birthright,” despite having been written, daringly, into the current crisis, feels one step behind.

我不断感受到其中的省略。我们听说了MAGA犹太复国主义者——看福克斯新闻的父亲们、特拉维夫的邻居们——但他们全都在舞台之外。按照设计,这是一部关于一小部分阿什肯纳兹犹太人的戏剧,他们是受过大学教育的保守派犹太会堂成员。(这不是一个政治范畴;它是改革派、保守派和正统派这个连续光谱的中间地带,或者如笑话所说,“懒惰、朦胧、疯狂”。)这是一部关于支持两国方案的犹太复国主义者——他们抵制“种族灭绝”这个词——以及推动他们使用这个词的反犹太复国主义者之间的戏剧,这个人群比电视剧《疯狂前女友》中那场搞笑的“JAP之战”说唱里的女性稍微偏左一点,后者在争论各自的反种族主义资历时,还会礼貌地加上一句“当然,我支持以色列”。然而,《与生俱来》尽管大胆地写入了当前的危机,却感觉落后了一步。

Or perhaps the problem is that it’s too short! This may be the first time I’ve thought a play might work better as a television series, with space for its characters to grow. As it happens, there is a series like that: “Long Story Short,” an emotionally chewy animated Netflix series by Raphael Bob-Waksberg, the creator of “BoJack Horseman.” A portrait of the Schwoopers, a liberal Jewish family in the Bay Area, “Long Story Short,” like “Birthright,” jumps across decades, allowing for a prismatic portrayal of Jewish identity, in all its pride and ambivalence. Nobody mentions Israel, which is, I guess, a cop-out—but also a magic trick that lets the show explore Judaism as distinct from Zionism. The standout episode—the conversion history of Kendra, a Black striver married to the Schwoopers’ daughter, Shira—sticks its landing, enabling the viewer to see faith as a refuge, not a cage.

或许问题在于它太短了!这可能是我第一次觉得一部戏剧或许更适合拍成电视剧,有空间让人物成长。巧的是,正好有这样一部剧:《说来话长》(Long Story Short),一部由《马男波杰克》创作者拉斐尔·鲍勃-瓦克斯伯格(Raphael Bob-Waksberg)制作的Netflix动画剧集,情感耐人寻味。作为对湾区一个自由派犹太家庭施伍珀一家的写照,《说来话长》和《与生俱来》一样,跨越数十年,允许对犹太身份进行棱镜式的描绘,展现其所有的骄傲与矛盾。没人提及以色列,我想这是一种逃避——但也是一个魔术,让这部剧得以探索与犹太复国主义区分开来的犹太性。其中最突出的一集——讲述嫁给施伍珀家女儿希拉(Shira)的黑人奋斗者肯德拉(Kendra)的皈依历史——稳稳落地,让观众看到信仰可以是一个避难所,而非牢笼。

Then, there’s “Giant,” the other big new play to address Jewish identity. It has a different sort of peculiar timing: the script was completed the week before October 7th, a tragedy that imbues it with an unwieldy resonance. Swashbuckling and polemical, “Giant” is set in 1983, on the afternoon that Roald Dahl gave a radio interview making plain the links between his anti-Israel punditry and his private antisemitism. An old-fashioned ideas play, it has its contrivances. But its ability to tolerate discomfort is its strength, particularly through its most original figure—Dahl’s friend and publisher Tom Maschler, deftly portrayed by Elliot Levey. A secular Jew and a Holocaust survivor, Tom is a cool customer: a louche, assimilated Brit whose astringent view of his ethnicity, and irritation at being forced to opine on Israel at all, ultimately leaves him more vulnerable, not less—hamstrung by his intimacy with a brilliant bigot. The contradictions of their closeness aren’t papered over; the unease is allowed to linger, inflamed and ineradicable.

然后是《巨人》(Giant),另一部探讨犹太身份的重要新剧。它有着另一种奇特的时间点:剧本在2023年10月7日前一周完成,这场悲剧赋予了它一种难以驾驭的共鸣。华丽而好辩的《巨人》设定在1983年,那个下午,罗尔德·达尔(Roald Dahl)接受电台采访,明确表达了他反以色列言论与私人反犹主义之间的联系。作为一部老派的思想剧,它有其牵强之处。但它容忍不适的能力正是其力量所在,尤其体现在其最具原创性的人物身上——达尔的朋友兼出版商汤姆·马施勒(Tom Maschler),由艾略特·利维(Elliot Levey)巧妙演绎。作为一个世俗犹太人和大屠杀幸存者,汤姆是个冷静的角色:一个声名狼藉、已被同化的英国人,他对自己族裔的尖刻看法,以及被迫就以色列问题发表意见的恼怒,最终让他更加脆弱,而非更少——他与一个才华横溢的偏执狂的亲密关系束缚了他。他们亲近关系中的矛盾没有被粉饰;不安被允许持续发酵,炽烈且无法根除。

“Birthright” works under different rules: it can’t subtract Israel, like “Long Story Short,” or take refuge in the past, like “Giant.” But, as heartfelt and skillfully performed as “Birthright” is, in its eagerness to become a healing ritual for the audience it dodges what Dahl, in an acid exchange in “Giant,” deems “the vexing bit.” In Act I, Lev is thrilled by a Talmudic concept: that letting contradictory interpretations coexist is a distinctly Jewish way of encountering Hashem, or God. That’s a beautiful idea, but in drama it can feel like throwing up one’s hands. And for some people, as a Yiddish milkman once put it, there is no other hand. ♦

《与生俱来》遵循着不同的规则:它不能像《说来话长》那样减去以色列,也不能像《巨人》那样遁入过去。但是,尽管《与生俱来》如此真诚、表演如此精湛,它急于成为观众的疗愈仪式,却回避了达尔在《巨人》中一句尖刻交锋里所称的“那点烦人的东西”。在第一幕中,列夫对一个塔木德概念感到兴奋:让相互矛盾的解释共存,是犹太人接近“哈谢姆”(Hashem,即上帝)的一种独特方式。这是个美好的想法,但在戏剧中,它可能感觉像是在摊手放弃。而对某些人来说,正如一位意第绪语送奶工曾说的,没有另一只手了。 ♦

2 free previews left — register to get 30 translations a month